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Genetic Contributions to Loneliness and Their Relevance to the Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness
Perspectives on Psychological Science ( IF 10.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-03-07 , DOI: 10.1177/1745691618812684
A. W. M. Spithoven 1 , S. Cacioppo 2 , L. Goossens 1 , J. T. Cacioppo 3
Affiliation  

Loneliness is a negative and distressing emotional state that arises from a discrepancy between one’s desired and perceived levels of social connectedness (Perlman & Peplau, 1981). A large number of studies examining loneliness have focused on behavior and the environment (Heinrich & Gullone, 2006; Spithoven, Bijttebier, & Goossens, 2017). Although the number of studies examining genetic contributions to loneliness has increased, the available evidence on the role of genes in loneliness is still limited (Goossens et al., 2015). Because neither the environment nor genes operate in isolation (Manuck, 2010), our understanding of loneliness would benefit from increased insight into the complex interaction between genes and the environment. In this review, we focus on the evolutionary theory of loneliness (ETL; J. T. Cacioppo & Patrick, 2008), which assigns a crucial role to genes, the social environment, and their interaction. We describe how research in genetics can explain why some individuals experience feelings of loneliness more quickly than others. In addition, research into genetics can elucidate the association between loneliness on the one hand and neuroticism or depression on the other. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications of genetic research for the ETL. As research into the genetics of loneliness is still quite preliminary, this review concentrates in large part on directions for future research.

中文翻译:

孤独感的遗传贡献及其与孤独感进化论的关系

孤独是一种消极而令人沮丧的情绪状态,源于一个人的期望和感知的社交联系水平之间的差异(Perlman&Peplau,1981)。大量研究孤独感的研究集中在行为和环境上(Heinrich&Gullone,2006; Spithoven,Bijttebier,&Goossens,2017)。尽管研究遗传对孤独感的贡献的研究数量有所增加,但是有关基因在孤独感中的作用的可用证据仍然有限(Goossens等人,2015)。由于环境和基因都不是孤立运行的(Manuck,2010年),对基因与环境之间复杂相互作用的深入了解将使我们对孤独感的理解受益。在这篇评论中,我们着重于孤独的进化论(ETL; JT Cacioppo和Patrick,2008年),它为基因,社会环境及其相互作用赋予了至关重要的作用。我们描述了遗传学研究如何解释为什么有些人比其他人更快地感到孤独的感觉。另外,对遗传学的研究可以阐明一方面的孤独与另一方面的神经质或抑郁之间的联系。最后,我们讨论了遗传研究对ETL的理论和实践意义。由于对寂寞遗传学的研究仍处于初步阶段,因此本文的审查主要集中在未来研究的方向上。遗传学研究可以阐明一方面的孤独与另一方面的神经质或抑郁之间的联系。最后,我们讨论了遗传研究对ETL的理论和实践意义。由于对寂寞遗传学的研究仍处于初步阶段,因此本文的审查主要集中在未来研究的方向上。遗传学研究可以阐明一方面的孤独与另一方面的神经质或抑郁之间的联系。最后,我们讨论了遗传研究对ETL的理论和实践意义。由于对寂寞遗传学的研究仍处于初步阶段,因此本文的审查主要集中在未来研究的方向上。
更新日期:2019-03-07
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