Oligodendrocytes generate myelin sheaths to promote rapid neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). During brain development, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are generated in the medial ganglionic eminence, lateral ganglionic eminence, and dorsal pallium. OPCs proliferate and migrate throughout the CNS at the embryonic stage. After birth, OPCs differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes, which then insulate axons. Oligodendrocyte development is regulated by the extrinsic environment including neurons, astrocytes, and immune cells. During brain development, B lymphocytes are present in the meningeal space, and are involved in oligodendrocyte development by promoting OPC proliferation. T lymphocytes mediate oligodendrocyte development during the remyelination process. Moreover, a subset of microglia contributes to oligodendrocyte development during the neonatal periods. Therefore, the immune system, especially lymphocytes and microglia, contribute to oligodendrocyte development during brain development and remyelination.

中文翻译：

---

淋巴细胞在少突胶质细胞发育中的功能。

少突胶质细胞产生髓鞘，以促进中枢神经系统（CNS）的快速神经传递。在大脑发育过程中，在内侧神经节隆起，外侧神经节隆起和背侧大脑皮层中产生少突胶质细胞前体细胞（OPC）。OPC在胚胎阶段增殖并在整个CNS中迁移。出生后，OPC分化为成熟的少突胶质细胞，然后使轴突绝缘。少突胶质细胞的发育受包括神经元，星形胶质细胞和免疫细胞在内的外部环境的调节。在大脑发育过程中，B淋巴细胞存在于脑膜空间，并通过促进OPC增殖参与少突胶质细胞的发育。T淋巴细胞在髓鞘再生过程中介导少突胶质细胞的发育。而且，小胶质细胞的一个子集有助于新生儿时期少突胶质细胞的发育。因此，免疫系统，尤其是淋巴细胞和小胶质细胞，在大脑发育和髓鞘再生过程中有助于少突胶质细胞的发育。