Alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) is a member of the vitamin E family and is lipid soluble. Its biosynthesis is by the reaction of isopentyl diphosphate and homogentisic acid in plastid membranes. The putative biochemical activities of tocopherols are linked with the formation of tocopherol quinone species, which subsequently undergo degradation and recycling within cells/tissues. α-Toc plays a key role in a variety of plant metabolic processes throughout the ontogeny of plants. It can maintain the integrity and fluidity of photosynthesizing membranes. It can also neutralize lipid peroxy radicals, consequently blocking lipid peroxidation by quenching oxidative cations. It preserves membrane integrity by retaining membranous structural components under environmental constraints such as water deficiency, high salt content, toxic metals, high/low temperatures, and radiations. α-Toc also induces cellular signalling pathways within biological membranes. Its biosynthesis varies during growth and developmental stages as well as under different environmental conditions. The current review primarily focuses on how α-Toc can regulate various metabolic processes involved in promoting plant growth and development under stress and non-stress and how it can effectively counteract the stress-induced high accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Currently, exogenous application of α-Toc has been widely reported as a potential means of promoting resistance in plants to a variety of stressful environments.

中文翻译：

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α-生育酚在非胁迫和胁迫条件下对植物生长和代谢的调节

α-生育酚 (α-Toc) 是维生素 E 家族的一员，是脂溶性的。它的生物合成是通过异戊基二磷酸和尿黑酸在质体膜中的反应。生育酚的假定生化活性与生育酚醌物质的形成有关，后者随后在细胞/组织内进行降解和再循环。α-Toc 在植物个体发育的各种植物代谢过程中起着关键作用。它可以保持光合作用膜的完整性和流动性。它还可以中和脂质过氧自由基，从而通过淬灭氧化阳离子来阻断脂质过氧化。它通过在诸如缺水、高盐分、有毒金属、高温/低温、和辐射。α-Toc 还诱导生物膜内的细胞信号通路。它的生物合成在生长和发育阶段以及在不同的环境条件下都不同。目前的综述主要集中在α-Toc如何调节参与胁迫和非胁迫条件下促进植物生长发育的各种代谢过程，以及它如何有效抵消胁迫引起的活性氧（ROS）的高积累。目前，α-Toc 的外源应用已被广泛报道为促进植物对各种压力环境的抗性的潜在手段。目前的综述主要集中在α-Toc如何调节参与胁迫和非胁迫条件下促进植物生长发育的各种代谢过程，以及它如何有效抵消胁迫引起的活性氧（ROS）的高积累。目前，α-Toc 的外源应用已被广泛报道为促进植物对各种压力环境的抗性的潜在手段。目前的综述主要集中在α-Toc如何调节参与胁迫和非胁迫条件下促进植物生长发育的各种代谢过程，以及它如何有效抵消胁迫引起的活性氧（ROS）的高积累。目前，α-Toc 的外源应用已被广泛报道为促进植物对各种压力环境的抗性的潜在手段。