Plant-derived smoke is a positive regulator of seed germination and growth with regard to many plant species. Of the several compounds present in plant-derived smoke, karrikinolide or KAR1 (3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one) is considered to be the major active growth-promoting compound. To test the efficacy of smoke-saturated water (SSW) and KAR1 on carrot (Daucus carota L.), two separate pot experiments were simultaneously conducted in the same environmental conditions. SSW and KAR1 treatments were applied to the plants in the form of aqueous solutions of variable concentrations. Prior to sowing, seeds were soaked in the solutions of SSW (25.8 µg L−1, 51.6 µg L−1,103.2 µg L−1 and 258.0 µg L−1) and KAR1 (0.015 µg L−1, 0.150 µg L−1, 1.501 µg L−1 and 15.013 µg L−1). Percent seed germination, vegetative growth, photosynthesis and nutritional values were the major parameters through which the plant response to the applied treatments was investigated. The results obtained indicated a significant improvement in all the plant attributes studied. In general, SSW (51.6 µg L−1) and KAR1 (1.501 µg L−1) proved optimum treatments for most the parameters. As compared to the control, 51.6 µg L−1 of SSW and 1.501 µg L−1 of KAR1 increased the percent seed germination by 58.0% and 54.4%, respectively. Over the control, the values of plant height and net photosynthetic rate were enhanced by 33.9% and 40.9%, respectively, due to 51.6 µg L−1 of SSW, while the values of these parameters were increased by 25.2% and 34.0%, respectively, due to 1.501 µg L−1 of KAR1. In comparison with the control, treatment 51.6 µg L−1 of SSW increased the contents of β-carotene and ascorbic acid by 32.7% and 37.9%, respectively, while the treatment 1.501 µg L−1 M of KAR1 enhanced these contents by 42.0% and 48.4%, respectively. This study provides an insight into an affordable and feasible method of crop improvement.

中文翻译：

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烟雾饱和水和 Karrikinolide 调节胡萝卜 (Daucus carota L.) 的萌发、生长、光合作用和营养价值

植物来源的烟雾是许多植物物种种子萌发和生长的正调节剂。在植物来源的烟雾中存在的几种化合物中，karrikinolide 或 KAR1（3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one）被认为是主要的活性促进生长化合物。为了测试烟雾饱和水 (SSW) 和 KAR1 对胡萝卜 (Daucus carota L.) 的功效，在相同的环境条件下同时进行了两个独立的盆栽实验。SSW 和 KAR1 处理以不同浓度的水溶液形式施用于植物。播种前，将种子浸泡在 SSW（25.8 µg L-1、51.6 µg L-1、103.2 µg L-1 和 258.0 µg L-1）和 KAR1（0.015 µg L-1、0.150 µg L-1、 1.501 µg L-1 和 15.013 µg L-1）。种子发芽率、营养生长率、光合作用和营养价值是研究植物对应用处理的反应的主要参数。获得的结果表明所研究的所有植物属性都有显着改善。一般来说，SSW (51.6 µg L-1) 和 KAR1 (1.501 µg L-1) 证明了对大多数参数的最佳处理。与对照相比，51.6 µg L-1 的 SSW 和 1.501 µg L-1 的 KAR1 分别使种子发芽百分比提高了 58.0% 和 54.4%。与对照相比，由于SSW 51.6 µg L−1，株高和净光合速​​率分别提高了33.9%和40.9%，而这些参数的值分别提高了25.2%和34.0% , 由于 1.501 µg L−1 的 KAR1。与对照相比，处理 51。6 µg L-1 的 SSW 使 β-胡萝卜素和抗坏血酸的含量分别增加了 32.7% 和 37.9%，而 1.501 µg L-1 M 的 KAR1 处理使这些含量分别增加了 42.0% 和 48.4%。这项研究提供了对一种负担得起且可行的作物改良方法的见解。