BACKGROUND Intestinal bacteria composition and prebiotics may play a role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of prebiotics and substances with prebiotic properties on the metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers of individuals with T2DM compared with placebo. METHODS A literature search to identify articles published up to March 31, 2018, was conducted utilizing PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Individuals at aged 18 years or older with T2DM from randomized controlled trials investigating prebiotics or substances with prebiotic properties were included. Metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers associated with T2DM were the primary outcome measures. RESULTS Twenty-seven publications were analyzed. All but seven of these publications reported a beneficial effect on metabolic and/or inflammatory biomarkers. Interventions included mostly women, lasted 4 days to 12 weeks, and diabetes duration ranged from 6 months to 11 years. Nineteen publications reported improvements in glycemia, 15 in cardiovascular markers, nine in body weight, and nine in inflammatory markers. Benefits from resistant starch, resistant dextrin, and oligofructose-enriched inulin were most frequent. A smaller number of studies utilizing other substances with prebiotic properties also yielded improvements. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, there is fair evidence that prebiotics and substances with prebiotic properties may improve metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers related to T2DM in women aged 18 years at least. Interventions with resistant starch, resistant dextrin, and oligofructose-enriched inulin exhibited the strongest evidence for improvements due to the quantity of publications and quality grades. Other prebiotics and substances with prebiotic properties show promise but the number of studies is few. Additional studies that are longer in duration, include both sexes, and include other prebiotics or substances with prebiotic properties are needed.

中文翻译：

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益生元和具有益生元特性的物质对 2 型糖尿病患者代谢和炎症生物标志物的影响：系统评价

背景肠道细菌组成和益生元可能在 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 的管理中发挥作用。目的 本系统评价的目的是评估益生元和具有益生元特性的物质与安慰剂相比对 T2DM 患者代谢和炎症生物标志物的影响。方法 利用 PubMed、Science Direct 和 Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 进行文献检索，以确定截至 2018 年 3 月 31 日发表的文章。包括来自研究益生元或具有益生元特性的物质的随机对照试验的 18 岁或以上的 T2DM 个体。与 T2DM 相关的代谢和炎症生物标志物是主要的结果指标。结果 分析了 27 份出版物。这些出版物中，除了 7 篇外，其他所有文章都报告了对代谢和/或炎症生物标志物的有益影响。干预措施主要包括女性，持续 4 天到 12 周，糖尿病病程从 6 个月到 11 年不等。19 篇出版物报告了血糖改善、15 项心血管指标改善、9 项体重改善和 9 项炎症指标改善。抗性淀粉、抗性糊精和富含低聚果糖的菊粉的益处最为常见。少数利用具有益生元特性的其他物质的研究也取得了进展。结论 基于这些结果，有充分证据表明益生元和具有益生元特性的物质至少可以改善 18 岁女性与 T2DM 相关的代谢和炎症生物标志物。用抗性淀粉、抗性糊精、由于出版物的数量和质量等级，富含低聚果糖的菊粉表现出最有力的改进证据。其他益生元和具有益生元特性的物质显示出前景，但研究数量很少。需要进行持续时间更长的其他研究，包括两性，并包括其他益生元或具有益生元特性的物质。