Experimental tests of the Standard Model of particle physics (SM) find excellent agreement with its predictions. Since the original formation of the SM, experiments have provided little guidance regarding the explanations of phenomena outside the SM, such as the baryon asymmetry and dark matter. Nor have we understood the aesthetic and theoretical problems of the SM, despite years of searching for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) at particle colliders. Some BSM particles can be produced at colliders yet evade being discovered, if the reconstruction and analysis procedures not matched to characteristics of the particle. An example is particles with large lifetimes. As interest in searches for such long-lived particles (LLPs) grows rapidly, a review of the topic is presented in this article. The broad range of theoretical motivations for LLPs and the experimental strategies and methods employed to search for them are described. Results from decades of LLP searches are reviewed, as are opportunities for the next generation of searches at both existing and future experiments.

中文翻译：

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对撞机搜索标准模型之外的长寿命粒子

粒子物理学标准模型 (SM) 的实验测试与其预测非常吻合。自 SM 最初形成以来，实验对解释 SM 之外的现象（如重子不对称和暗物质）几乎没有提供指导。尽管多年来在粒子对撞机上寻找超出标准模型 (BSM) 的物理学，我们也不了解 SM 的美学和理论问题。如果重建和分析程序与粒子的特征不匹配，则一些 BSM 粒子可以在对撞机中产生，但可以避免被发现。一个例子是具有大寿命的粒子。随着对此类长寿命粒子 (LLP) 搜索的兴趣迅速增长，本文将对该主题进行回顾。描述了 LLP 的广泛理论动机以及用于搜索它们的实验策略和方法。回顾了数十年 LLP 搜索的结果，以及现有和未来实验中下一代搜索的机会。