This study aims at characterizing the diversity and temporal changes of species richness and composition of fungi in an ecotone of a forest border and a meadow in the Taunus mountain range in Germany. All macroscopically visible, epigeous fungi and vascular plants were sampled monthly over three years, together with climatic variables like humidity and temperature that influence fungal diversity and composition as shown by previous studies. In this mosaic landscape, a total of 855 fungal species were collected and identified based on morphological features, the majority of which belonged to Ascomycota (51 %) and Basidiomycota (45 %). Records of fungal species and plant species (218) for this area yielded a fungus to plant species ratio of 4:1, with a plant species accumulation curve that reached saturation. The three years of monitoring, however, were not sufficient to reveal the total fungal species richness and estimation factors showed that a fungus to plant species ratio of 6:1 may be reached by further sampling efforts. The effect of climatic conditions on fungal species richness differed depending on the taxonomic and ecological group, with temporal patterns of occurrence of Basidiomycota and mycorrhizal fungi being strongly associated with temperature and humidity, whereas the other fungal groups were only weakly related to abiotic conditions. In conclusion, long-term, monthly surveys over several years yield a higher diversity of macroscopically visible fungi than standard samplings of fungi in autumn. The association of environmental variables with the occurrence of specific fungal guilds may help to improve estimators of fungal richness in temperate regions.

本研究旨在表征德国陶努斯山脉森林边界和草甸交错带的物种丰富度和真菌组成的多样性和时间变化。三年内每月对所有宏观可见的表生真菌和维管植物进行采样，以及影响真菌多样性和组成的气候变量，如湿度和温度，如先前的研究所示。在这片马赛克景观中，根据形态特征共收集和鉴定了855种真菌，其中大多数属于子囊菌门（51%）和担子菌门（45%）。该地区的真菌物种和植物物种记录（218）得出真菌与植物物种的比例为4:1，植物物种积累曲线达到饱和。然而，三年的监测不足以揭示真菌物种总丰富度，估计因素表明，通过进一步采样工作，真菌与植物物种的比例可能达到6:1。气候条件对真菌物种丰富度的影响因分类学和生态群的不同而不同，担子菌门和菌根真菌的出现时间模式与温度和湿度密切相关，而其他真菌类群与非生物条件的相关性较弱。总之，几年来的长期每月调查产生的肉眼可见真菌的多样性高于秋季真菌的标准采样。环境变量与特定真菌群的出现的关联可能有助于改进温带地区真菌丰富度的估计。