The pericardium, which surrounds the heart, provides a unique enclosed volume and a site for the delivery of agents to the heart and coronary arteries. While strategies for targeting the delivery of therapeutics to the heart are lacking, various technologies and nanodelivery approaches are emerging as promising methods for site specific delivery to increase therapeutic myocardial retention, efficacy, and bioactivity, while decreasing undesired systemic effects. Here, we provide a literature review of various approaches for intrapericardial delivery of agents. Emphasis is given to sustained delivery approaches (pumps and catheters) and localized release (patches, drug eluting stents, and support devices and meshes). Further, minimally invasive access techniques, pericardial access devices, pericardial washout and fluid analysis, as well as therapeutic and cell delivery vehicles are presented. Finally, several promising new therapeutic targets to treat heart diseases are highlighted.

围绕心脏的心包膜提供了一个独特的封闭空间，并提供了将药物输送到心脏和冠状动脉的部位。尽管缺乏靶向治疗剂向心脏的递送的策略，但是各种技术和纳米递送方法作为有针对性的位点特异性递送方法正在兴起，以增加治疗性心肌保留，功效和生物活性，同时减少不良的全身作用。在这里，我们提供了有关心包内给药的各种方法的文献综述。重点放在持续的输送方法（泵和导管）和局部释放（补丁，药物洗脱支架，支撑装置和网片）上。此外，微创介入技术，心包进入装置，心包冲洗和液体分析，以及治疗和细胞递送载体。最后，重点介绍了一些有前途的治疗心脏病的新治疗靶标。