Conceptual confusion revolves around how to define, assess, and overcome land, ecosystem, and landscape degradation. Common elements link degradation and recovery processes, offering ways to advance local, regional, and global initiatives to reduce degradation and promote the recovery of ecosystems and landscapes in forest biomes. Biophysical attributes of degradation and recovery can be measured, but the relevance of selected attributes across scales is subject to values that determine preferred states. Degradation defined in the context of a resilience-based approach is a state where the capacity for regeneration is greatly reduced or lost, recovery is arrested, core interactions and feedbacks are broken, and human intervention is required to initiate a trajectory of recovery. Another approach combines degradation and recovery processes through the concept of recovery debt, the cumulative lost benefits incurred, relative to a target state during phases of degradation and recovery. Degradation and recove...

中文翻译：

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不断变化的森林景观中的退化和恢复：多尺度概念框架

概念混淆围绕着如何定义、评估和克服土地、生态系统和景观退化。共同要素将退化和恢复过程联系起来，提供了推进地方、区域和全球举措的方法，以减少退化并促进森林生物群落中生态系统和景观的恢复。可以测量降解和恢复的生物物理属性，但所选属性跨尺度的相关性取决于确定首选状态的值。在基于弹性的方法的背景下定义的退化是一种状态，其中再生能力大大降低或丧失，恢复被阻止，核心交互和反馈被破坏，并且需要人为干预来启动恢复轨迹。另一种方法通过恢复债务的概念将退化和恢复过程结合起来，相对于退化和恢复阶段的目标状态，所产生的累积损失利益。降解和恢复...