Vehicle-grid integration (VGI) describes various approaches to link the electric power system and the transportation system in ways that may benefit both. VGI includes systems that treat plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) as controllable load with a unidirectional flow of electricity, such as “smart” or “controlled” charging or time-of-use (TOU) pricing. VGI typically encompasses vehicle-to-grid (V2G), a more technically advanced vision with bidirectional flow of electricity between the vehicle and power grid, in effect treating the PEV as a storage device. Such VGI systems could help decarbonize transportation, support load balancing, integrate renewable energy into the grid, increase revenues for electricity companies, and create new revenue streams for automobile owners. This review introduces various aspects and visions of VGI based on a comprehensive review. In doing so, it identifies the possible benefits, opportunities, and barriers relating to V2G, according to technical, financial, socio-environmen...

中文翻译：

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缓和电动汽车的承诺？车网集成 (VGI) 和车网 (V2G) 的社会技术审查和研究议程

车网集成 (VGI) 描述了以可能对双方都有益的方式连接电力系统和交通系统的各种方法。VGI 包括将插电式电动汽车 (PEV) 视为具有单向电流的可控负载的系统，例如“智能”或“受控”充电或使用时间 (TOU) 定价。VGI 通常包括车辆到电网 (V2G)，这是一种技术更先进的愿景，在车辆和电网之间实现双向电力流动，实际上将 PEV 视为一种存储设备。这样的 VGI 系统可以帮助交通脱碳，支持负载平衡，将可再生能源整合到电网中，增加电力公司的收入，并为车主创造新的收入来源。这篇综述在全面回顾的基础上介绍了 VGI 的各个方面和愿景。在此过程中，它根据技术、财务、社会环境……确定了与 V2G 相关的可能好处、机会和障碍。