The global demand for water and energy is projected to grow, but there likely will be significant constraints in our ability to keep meeting it. These constraints will be imposed partly by the interdependence between water, energy, and climate change. If left unchecked, these connections can exacerbate water and energy shortages and aggravate climate change impacts: Energy is used to supply and treat water; moreover, emissions from energy generation contribute to climate change, which affects water supplies and increases the demand for energy to sustain Earth's growing population and economy. The linkage between water and energy can offer opportunities for better meeting expected demand while minimizing damage from shortages of either. This article focuses on the technological and engineering aspects of various connections in the water-energy nexus where advancements can enable greater supply of one or both. It also outlines the benefits and challenges associated with each connection.

中文翻译：

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水能联系技术与工程

全球对水和能源的需求预计将增长，但我们继续满足需求的能力可能会受到严重限制。这些限制部分是由于水、能源和气候变化之间的相互依存关系造成的。如果任其发展，这些联系可能会加剧水和能源短缺并加剧气候变化的影响：能源用于供应和处理水；此外，能源生产的排放会导致气候变化，从而影响供水并增加对能源的需求，以维持地球不断增长的人口和经济。水和能源之间的联系可以为更好地满足预期需求提供机会，同时最大限度地减少两者短缺造成的损害。本文重点介绍水-能源关系中各种连接的技术和工程方面，在这些方面，进步可以实现更多供应其中之一或两者。它还概述了与每个连接相关的好处和挑战。