A landmark 1967 study showed that simply seeing a gun can increase aggression-called the "weapons effect." Since 1967, many other studies have attempted to replicate and explain the weapons effect. This meta-analysis integrates the findings of weapons effect studies conducted from 1967 to 2017 and uses the General Aggression Model (GAM) to explain the weapons effect. It includes 151 effect-size estimates from 78 independent studies involving 7,668 participants. As predicted by the GAM, our naïve meta-analytic results indicate that the mere presence of weapons increased aggressive thoughts, hostile appraisals, and aggression, suggesting a cognitive route from weapons to aggression. Weapons did not significantly increase angry feelings. Yet, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis indicated that not all naïve mean estimates were robust to the presence of publication bias. In general, these results suggest that the published literature tends to overestimate the weapons effect for some outcomes and moderators.

中文翻译：

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武器对攻击性思想，愤怒情绪，敌对评估和攻击性行为的影响：对武器效果文献的荟萃分析。

1967年一项具有里程碑意义的研究表明，仅仅看到枪支就可以增加侵略性，这被称为“武器效应”。自1967年以来，许多其他研究试图复制和解释武器的影响。这项荟萃分析综合了1967年至2017年进行的武器效果研究的结果，并使用一般侵略模型（GAM）来解释武器效果。它包括来自78个独立研究的151个效应量估计，涉及7,668名参与者。正如GAM所预测的那样，我们朴素的荟萃分析结果表明，武器的存在增加了攻击性思想，敌意评估和侵略性，暗示了从武器到侵略的认知路线。武器并没有明显增加愤怒的情绪。然而，全面的敏感性分析表明，并非所有简单的均值估计都对存在出版物偏倚具有鲁棒性。总的来说，这些结果表明，已出版的文献往往高估了某些成果和主持人的武器效应。