The role of human dissection in modern medical curricula has been a topic of intense debate. In part, this is because dissection can be time‐consuming and curricular hours are being monitored more carefully. This has led some to question the efficacy and importance of dissection as a teaching method. While this topic has received considerable attention in the literature, the question of how dissection impacts learning has been difficult to evaluate in a real‐world, high‐stakes setting since participation in dissection is often one of many variables. In this study, this challenge was overcome due to a change in the curriculum of a Special Master Program (SMP) that permitted a comparison between two years of students that learned anatomy using prosection only and two years of students that participated in dissection laboratories. Since each class of SMP students took courses in the medical school, and the medical school anatomy curriculum was constant, medical student performance served as a control throughout the study period. Results demonstrate that SMP students who learned through prosection had lower performance on anatomy practical and written examinations compared to medical students. When the SMP program changed and students started participating in dissection, there were measurable improvements in both practical and written examinations. These findings provide evidence of dissection’s role in learning and applying anatomy knowledge both within and outside the gross anatomy laboratory.

中文翻译：

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参加解剖会影响学生在大体解剖学实践和笔试中的表现：四年比较研究的结果。

人类解剖学在现代医学课程中的作用一直是激烈争论的话题。在某种程度上，这是因为解剖可能很耗时，并且对课时进行了更仔细的监控。这使一些人质疑解剖法作为一种教学方法的功效和重要性。尽管这个话题在文献中得到了相当多的关注，但是在现实世界中，高分解剖学很难评估解剖学对学习的影响，因为参与解剖学通常是许多变量之一。在这项研究中，由于特殊硕士课程（SMP）课程的变化而克服了这一挑战，该课程允许比较仅使用护角术学习解剖学的两年学生和参与解剖实验室的两年学学生之间的比较。由于SMP的每个班级的学生都在医学院学习课程，并且医学院的解剖学课程是不变的，因此在整个学习期间，医学生的表现都是对照。结果表明，与医学生相比，通过对位术学习的SMP学生在解剖学实践考试和笔试中表现较差。当SMP计划发生变化并且学生开始参加解剖时，实践考试和笔试均得到了可观的改进。这些发现提供了解剖学在大体解剖实验室内部和外部学习和应用解剖知识的作用的证据。结果表明，与医学生相比，通过对位术学习的SMP学生在解剖学实践考试和笔试中表现较差。当SMP计划发生变化并且学生开始参加解剖时，实践考试和笔试均得到了可观的改进。这些发现提供了解剖学在大体解剖实验室内部和外部学习和应用解剖知识的作用的证据。结果表明，与医学生相比，通过对位术学习的SMP学生在解剖学实践考试和笔试中表现较差。当SMP计划发生变化并且学生开始参加解剖时，实践考试和笔试均得到了可观的改进。这些发现提供了解剖学在大体解剖实验室内部和外部学习和应用解剖知识的作用的证据。