Phospholipids are major constituents of biological membranes. The fatty acyl chain composition of phospholipids determines the biophysical properties of membranes and thereby affects their impact on biological processes. The composition of fatty acyl chains is also actively regulated through a deacylation and reacylation pathway called Lands' cycle. Recent studies of mouse genetic models have demonstrated that lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferases (LPCATs), which catalyze the incorporation of fatty acyl chains into the sn-2 site of phosphatidylcholine, play important roles in pathophysiology. Two LPCAT family members, LPCAT1 and LPCAT3, have been particularly well studied. LPCAT1 is crucial for proper lung function due to its role in pulmonary surfactant biosynthesis. LPCAT3 maintains systemic lipid homeostasis by regulating lipid absorption in intestine, lipoprotein secretion, and de novo lipogenesis in liver. Mounting evidence also suggests that changes in LPCAT activity may be potentially involved in pathological conditions, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, viral infections, and cancer. Pharmacological manipulation of LPCAT activity and membrane phospholipid composition may provide new therapeutic options for these conditions.

中文翻译：

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生理和疾病中的磷脂重塑。

磷脂是生物膜的主要成分。磷脂的脂肪酰基链组成决定了膜的生物物理特性，从而影响了其对生物过程的影响。脂肪酰基链的组成也通过称为Lands's循环的脱酰和再酰化途径得到有效调节。小鼠遗传模型的最新研究表明，溶血磷脂酰胆碱酰基转移酶（LPCAT）催化脂肪酰基链掺入磷脂酰胆碱的sn-2位点，在病理生理学中起重要作用。对两个LPCAT家族成员LPCAT1和LPCAT3进行了特别深入的研究。LPCAT1在肺表面活性物质的生物合成中起着至关重要的作用，对于其正常的肺功能至关重要。LPCAT3通过调节肠道中的脂质吸收，脂蛋白分泌和肝脏新生脂肪形成来维持系统性脂质稳态。越来越多的证据还表明，LPCAT活性的变化可能与病理状况有关，包括非酒精性脂肪肝，动脉粥样硬化，病毒感染和癌症。LPCAT活性和膜磷脂组成的药理学操纵可为这些病症提供新的治疗选择。