The lung is often overlooked as a metabolically active organ, yet biochemical studies have long demonstrated that glucose utilization surpasses that of many other organs, including the heart, kidney, and brain. For most cells in the lung, energy consumption is relegated to performing common cellular tasks, like mRNA transcription and protein translation. However, certain lung cell populations engage in more specialized types of energy-consuming behaviors, such as the beating of cilia or the production of surfactant. While many extrapulmonary diseases are now linked to abnormalities in cellular metabolism, the pulmonary community has only recently embraced the concept of metabolic dysfunction as a driver of respiratory pathology. Herein, we provide an overview of the major metabolic pathways in the lung and discuss how cells sense and adapt to low-energy states. Moreover, we review some of the emerging evidence that links alterations in cellular metabolism to the pathobiology of several common respiratory diseases.

中文翻译：

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肺部疾病与健康中的细胞代谢。

肺通常被认为是代谢活跃的器官，但是生化研究长期以来一直表明，葡萄糖的利用率超过了许多其他器官，包括心脏，肾脏和大脑。对于肺中的大多数细胞而言，能量消耗只能用于执行常见的细胞任务，例如mRNA转录和蛋白质翻译。但是，某些肺细胞种群会从事更特殊类型的能量消耗行为，例如殴打纤毛或产生表面活性剂。尽管现在许多肺外疾病与细胞代谢异常有关，但肺部社区直到最近才将代谢功能障碍的概念作为呼吸道病理的驱动因素。在此处，我们提供了肺中主要代谢途径的概述，并讨论了细胞如何感测和适应低能量状态。此外，我们回顾了一些新出现的证据，这些证据将细胞代谢的改变与几种常见呼吸道疾病的病理生物学联系起来。