Psychobiotics are a group of probiotics that affect the central nervous system (CNS) related functions and behaviors mediated by the gut-brain-axis (GBA) via immune, humoral, neural, and metabolic pathways to improve not only the gastrointestinal (GI) function but also the antidepressant and anxiolytic capacity. As a novel class of probiotics, the application of psychobiotics has led researchers to focus on a new area in neuroscience. In the past five years, some psychobiotics strains were reported to inhibit inflammation and decreased cortisol levels, resulting in an amelioration of the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Psychobiotics are efficacious in improving neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Use of psychobiotics can improve GI function, ASD symptoms, motor functions of patients with PD and cognition in patients with AD. However, the evidence for the effects of psychobiotics on mental and neurological conditions/disorders remains limited. Further studies of psychobiotics are needed in order to determine into their effectiveness and mechanism as treatments for various psychiatric disorders in the future.

中文翻译：

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心理健康、神经退行性和神经发育障碍中的精神抗生素


精神益生菌是一组益生菌，通过免疫、体液、神经和代谢途径影响肠脑轴 (GBA) 介导的中枢神经系统 (CNS) 相关功能和行为，不仅改善胃肠 (GI) 功能还有抗抑郁和抗焦虑的能力。作为一类新型益生菌，精神抗生素的应用促使研究人员关注神经科学的一个新领域。在过去五年中，据报道一些精神抗生素菌株可以抑制炎症并降低皮质醇水平，从而改善焦虑和抑郁症状。精神抗生素可有效改善神经退行性和神经发育障碍，包括自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD)、帕金森病 (PD) 和阿尔茨海默病 (AD)。使用精神抗生素可以改善帕金森病患者的胃肠道功能、自闭症谱系障碍症状、运动功能和阿尔茨海默病患者的认知功能。然而，精神抗生素对精神和神经系统疾病/疾病影响的证据仍然有限。需要对精神生物学进行进一步的研究，以确定其未来治疗各种精神疾病的有效性和机制。