Supercapacitors are receiving significant interest in wireless sensor network applications due to their high power density and longer lifespan. In such applications, consideration of the leakage effect is crucial for online control and management of supercapacitors. Motivated by this fact, in this paper we propose an online scheme to estimate the state-of-charge (SOC) of supercapacitors, taking the leakage effect into account. First, we propose a completely observable equivalent circuit model (ECM) of a supercapacitor, which captures the leakage effect. Then, we design an unscented-Kalman-filter-based SOC estimator on the proposed ECM. To illustrate the proposed scheme, we consider a commercially available 5 F supercapacitor (Maxwell BCAP0005) and conduct experimental studies to identify the ECM parameters. We also perform simulation and experimental studies to test the effectiveness of the proposed estimation scheme, in this paper. Finally, we evaluate the robustness of the proposed scheme under parametric and measurement uncertainties.

中文翻译：

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考虑漏电效应的超级电容器建模与荷电状态估计

由于其高功率密度和更长的使用寿命，超级电容器在无线传感器网络应用中受到了极大的关注。在此类应用中，考虑泄漏效应对于超级电容器的在线控制和管理至关重要。受这一事实的启发，在本文中，我们提出了一种在线方案来估计超级电容器的荷电状态 (SOC)，同时考虑到泄漏效应。首先，我们提出了一个完全可观察的超级电容器等效电路模型 (ECM)，它捕获了泄漏效应。然后，我们在提出的 ECM 上设计了一个基于无迹卡尔曼滤波器的 SOC 估计器。为了说明所提出的方案，我们考虑了商用 5 F 超级电容器 (Maxwell BCAP0005) 并进行实验研究以确定 ECM 参数。在本文中，我们还进行了模拟和实验研究以测试所提出的估计方案的有效性。最后，我们评估了所提出方案在参数和测量不确定性下的稳健性。