Renewable energy sources could potentially satisfy a much larger part of the energy demand of human societies. When it comes to wind and solar energy, a key technological difficulty is the intermittent nature of these sources of energy. In order to ensure that energy is available at times when it is needed, these renewable energy technologies need to be backed up by storage systems and other more flexible energy systems such as gas engines. This paper presents a multi-period mixed-integer linear programming optimisation model of an energy system featuring multiple alternatives for satisfying variable demands of electricity and heat. The model is used to investigate how the intermittent renewable energy sources could work together with storage technologies, heat pumps, and flexible gas engines in a resource-efficient manner. Case studies are presented to illustrate how suitable technologies could be selected and operated in a region with high seasonal differences in the demands of heat and electricity. The case study suggests that heat pumps could play an important part in optimising the usage rate of wind power.

可再生能源有可能满足人类社会对能源的更大需求。当涉及风能和太阳能时，关键的技术难题是这些能源的间歇性。为了确保在需要时可随时使用能源，这些可再生能源技术需要存储系统和其他更灵活的能源系统（例如燃气发动机）的支持。本文提出了一个能源系统的多周期混合整数线性规划优化模型，该模型具有多种选择，可以满足电力和热力的可变需求。该模型用于调查间歇性可再生能源如何与资源节约型方式一起与存储技术，热泵和柔性燃气发动机一起工作。通过案例研究来说明如何在热量和电力需求季节性差异很大的地区选择和操作合适的技术。案例研究表明，热泵可以在优化风能利用率方面发挥重要作用。