This is the first review to quantitatively summarise evidence evaluating MI functioning in children with DCD compared to controls based on the hand rotation task (HRT). Specifically, MI performance was assessed using three different behavioural performance measures on the HRT (i.e., reaction time, accuracy and efficiency). Eight studies were included for quantitative analysis, yielding data for 176 and 198 children with and without DCD respectively. While children with DCD consistently used MI across all measures of the task, they continually demonstrated reductions in HRT performance relative to controls. Additionally, group differences appeared to be strongest and more commonly detected when using the IES (mean inverse efficiency-IES) metric on the HRT. These effects did not differ statistically as a function of instruction type. In support of the internal modelling deficit hypothesis, group effects suggested children with DCD demonstrate broad reductions in HRT performance relative to controls. However, consideration of effect size and study level analysis showed the ability for an individual study to detect these effects differs considerably depending on the outcome metric adopted.

这是第一篇对基于手部旋转任务（HRT）的DCD儿童与对照组相比评估MI功能的证据进行定量总结的综述。具体而言，在HRT上使用三种不同的行为表现指标（即反应时间，准确性和效率）对MI表现进行了评估。包括八项研究进行定量分析，分别获得了176和198名有DCD和无DCD的儿童的数据。尽管患有DCD的儿童在任务的所有措施中始终使用MI，但他们不断证明相对于对照，HRT的表现有所下降。此外，在HRT上使用IES（平均逆效率-IES）度量标准时，组间差异似乎最强并且更常见。这些影响在统计上没有因指令类型而异。为了支持内部建模缺陷假说，小组效应表明患有DCD的儿童表现出相对于对照组的HRT表现大幅度降低。但是，对影响大小和研究水平分析的考虑表明，根据所采用的结果指标，单个研究检测这些影响的能力差异很大。