Abstract In view of the various qualifications required of materials nowadays, efforts to change the characteristics of inherent materials have continued. However, most material conversion techniques that have been used in the past, such as alloy design and doping effect, cannot overcome the limitation that properties are only added to the original characteristics of pristine materials. Therefore, herein, we introduced a new material design technique, a so-called “Molecular Group System”, which is completely different from existing methods. Since whole-set-systems are considered one-energetic-unit-system, either only the merits of the constituent elements can be emphasized or new materials completely different from the raw ones can be synthesized. In this study, block-stacking bottom-up approach was employed to form a one group system from SnO2, SnOx, Sn, and graphene powders, and a binder, using high-energy irradiation. Then, we discussed theoretical verifications such as SnO2-reduction and Sn-channeling.

中文翻译：

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分子团系统作为一个能量单位

摘要 鉴于当今材料要求的各种资质，不断努力改变材料固有的特性。然而，过去使用的大多数材料转换技术，例如合金设计和掺杂效应，都无法克服属性仅添加到原始材料的原始特性的限制。因此，在这里，我们引入了一种新的材料设计技术，即所谓的“分子群系统”，它与现有的方法完全不同。由于成套系统被认为是一个能量单元系统，所以要么只强调组成元素的优点，要么合成与原始材料完全不同的新材料。在这项研究中，采用块堆叠自下而上的方法从 SnO2 形成一组系统，SnOx、Sn 和石墨烯粉末以及粘合剂，使用高能辐射。然后，我们讨论了理论验证，例如 SnO2 还原和 Sn 沟道。