Appropriate interventions might improve the prevention of essential hypertension. This requires a comprehensive view of modifiable lifestyle factors (MLFs) distribution and effect. To determine how six MLFs (general adiposity, abdominal adiposity, alcohol consumption, smoking, diet, physical inactivity) for risk of hypertension are distributed and how their combinations affect the risk, a prospective study cohort of 11,923 healthy participants from the population-based European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)–Potsdam Study was used. Of these, 1,635 developed hypertension during a mean follow-up of 10.3 years. Mutually exclusive combinations, clustering and interactions of MLFs were then investigated stratifying by sex, Hazard Ratios (HRs) and Population Attributable Risks (PARs%) were calculated. General adiposity alone was sufficient to increase the risk of hypertension (HR = 1.86, PAR% 3.36), and in this cohort it played a major role in enhancing the risk of hypertension, together with smoking and physical inactivity. MLFs had a different impact and a different modulation of risk in women and men, and they showed a remarkable tendency to occur in specific patterns with higher prevalence than expected. This indication can help to promote a holistic approach through multifactorial preventive strategies addressing more than a factor at a time. For prevention of hypertension addressing adiposity together with smoking, promoting at the same time physical activity should be the first choice.

适当的干预措施可能会改善原发性高血压的预防。这需要全面了解可改变生活方式因素（MLF）的分布和影响。为了确定高血压风险的 6 个 MLF（一般肥胖、腹部肥胖、饮酒、吸烟、饮食、缺乏身体活动）如何分布以及它们的组合如何影响风险，一项由来自欧洲人口的 11,923 名健康参与者组成的前瞻性研究队列使用了癌症与营养前瞻性调查 (EPIC) – 波茨坦研究。其中，1,635 人在平均 10.3 年的随访期间出现高血压。然后按性别分层研究 MLF 的互斥组合、聚类和相互作用，计算危险比 (HR) 和人群归因风险 (PAR%)。仅一般肥胖就足以增加高血压风险（HR = 1.86，PAR% 3.36），在该队列中，它与吸烟和缺乏身体活动一起在增加高血压风险中发挥了重要作用。MLF 对女性和男性有不同的影响和不同的风险调节，并且它们表现出以特定模式发生的显着趋势，且患病率高于预期。这一迹象有助于通过一次解决多个因素的多因素预防策略来促进整体方法。为了预防高血压、解决肥胖问题和吸烟，同时促进体育锻炼应该是首选。