Large-scale sequencing methodologies have helped us identify numerous genomic alterations and we have started to scratch the surface of many new targets for treatment of cancer and the associated predictive biomarkers. TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a highly appreciated anti-cancer molecule because of its ability to selectively target cancer cells. However, confluence of information suggests that cancer cells develop resistance against TRAIL-based therapeutics. It is being realized that overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins and inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins significantly impairs TRAIL triggered apoptosis, particularly in clinical settings. Re-balancing of pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins and upregulation of death receptors with functionally active extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways are necessary to sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL based therapeutics. microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulation of myriad of molecular processes and characterized into oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs. Accumulating data has identified miRNAs which positively or negatively regulate TRAIL mediated signaling in cancer cells, helping us understand different steps at which TRAIL-mediated apoptotic signaling can be targeted. Here, we assess the status of our understanding of the mechanisms related to miRNA regulation of TRAIL mediated signaling, as well as the existing gaps therein, and discuss the challenges and opportunities that will help us get closer to personalized medicine.

大规模测序方法学已帮助我们鉴定出许多基因组改变，并且我们已开始探索许多新的靶标，以治疗癌症和相关的预测性生物标志物。TRAIL（TNF相关凋亡诱导配体）是一种备受赞赏的抗癌分子，因为它具有选择性靶向癌细胞的能力。但是，信息融合表明癌细胞对基于TRAIL的治疗剂产生耐药性。已经认识到抗凋亡蛋白的过度表达和促凋亡蛋白的失活显着损害TRAIL触发的凋亡，特别是在临床环境中。为了使癌细胞对基于TRAIL的治疗剂敏感，必须使用功能性激活的外在和内在凋亡途径重新平衡促凋亡蛋白和抗凋亡蛋白，以及上调死亡受体。microRNA（miRNA）参与了无数分子过程的调控，并被表征为致癌和抑癌的miRNA。不断积累的数据已经确定了在癌细胞中正向或负向调节TRAIL介导的信号传导的miRNA，有助于我们了解TRAIL介导的凋亡信号转导的不同步骤。在这里，我们评估了我们对与TRAIL介导的信号的miRNA调节相关的机制的理解状态，以及其中存在的差距，并讨论了将有助于我们进一步接近个性化医学的挑战和机遇。