MicroRNAs (miRNAs) present several features that make them more difficult to analyze than DNA and RNA. For this reason, efforts have been made in recent years to develop innovative platforms for the efficient detection of microRNAs. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the sensing strategies able to deal with drawbacks and pitfalls related to microRNA detection. With a critical perspective of the field, we identify the main challenges to be overcome in microRNA sensing, and describe the areas where several innovative approaches are likely to come for managing those issues that put limits on improvement to the performances of the current methods. Then, in the following sections, we critically discuss the contribution of the most promising approaches based on the peculiar properties of nanomaterials or nanostructures and other hybrid strategies which are envisaged to support the adoption of these new methods useful for the detection of miRNA as biomarkers of practical clinical utility.

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微小RNA（miRNA）具有几个特征，使它们比DNA和RNA更加难以分析。由于这个原因，近年来已经努力开发用于有效检测微小RNA的创新平台。这篇综述的目的是概述能够解决与microRNA检测有关的缺陷和陷阱的传感策略。以该领域的批判性观点，我们确定了microRNA传感领域需要克服的主要挑战，并描述了可能会采用几种创新方法来管理那些限制改善当前方法性能的问题的领域。然后，在以下各节中，

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