The biogenesis of RNAs is a multi-layered and highly regulated process that involves a diverse set of players acting in an orchestrated manner throughout the transcription cycle. Transcription initiation, elongation and termination factors act on RNA polymerases to modulate their movement along the DNA template in a very precise manner, more complex than previously anticipated. Genome-scale run-on-based methodologies have been developed to study in detail the position of transcriptionally-engaged RNA polymerases. Genomic run-on (GRO), and its many variants and refinements made over the years, are helping the community to address an increasing amount of scientific questions, spanning an increasing range of organisms and systems. In this review, we aim to summarize the most relevant high throughput methodologies developed to study nascent RNA by run-on methods, compare their main features, advantages and limitations, while putting them in context with alternative ways of studying the transcriptional process.

中文翻译：

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使用高分辨率连续运行方法测量全基因组的 RNA 聚合酶活性

RNA 的生物发生是一个多层次和高度受管制的过程，涉及在整个转录周期中以精心策划的方式行动的不同参与者。转录起始、延伸和终止因子作用于 RNA 聚合酶，以非常精确的方式调节它们沿 DNA 模板的运动，比以前预期的更复杂。已经开发了基于基因组规模运行的方法来详细研究转录参与的 RNA 聚合酶的位置。Genomic run-on (GRO) 及其多年来所做的许多变体和改进，正在帮助社区解决越来越多的科学问题，涵盖越来越多的生物和系统。在这次审查中，