The cell is a mechanical machine, and continuum mechanics of the fluid cytoplasm and the viscoelastic deforming cytoskeleton play key roles in cell physiology. We review mathematical models of intracellular fluid mechanics, from cytoplasmic fluid flows, to the flow of a viscous active cytoskeletal gel, to models of two-phase poroviscous flows, to poroelastic models. We discuss application of these models to cell biological phenomena, such as organelle positioning, blebbing, and cell motility. We also discuss challenges of understanding fluid mechanics on the cellular scale.

中文翻译：

---

细胞内流体力学：将细胞质流与活性细胞骨架凝胶偶联

细胞是一台机械机器，流体细胞质和粘弹性变形细胞骨架的连续力学在细胞生理学中起着关键作用。我们回顾了细胞内流体力学的数学模型，从细胞质流体流动到粘性活性细胞骨架凝胶的流动，再到两相多孔粘性流动的模型，再到多孔弹性模型。我们讨论了这些模型在细胞生物学现象中的应用，例如细胞器定位、起泡和细胞运动。我们还讨论了在细胞尺度上理解流体力学的挑战。