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The role of contact resistance in graphene field-effect devices
Progress in Surface Science ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2017-08-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.05.002
Filippo Giubileo , Antonio Di Bartolomeo

The extremely high carrier mobility and the unique band structure, make graphene very useful for field-effect transistor applications. According to several works, the primary limitation to graphene based transistor performance is not related to the material quality, but to extrinsic factors that affect the electronic transport properties. One of the most important parasitic element is the contact resistance appearing between graphene and the metal electrodes functioning as the source and the drain. Ohmic contacts to graphene, with low contact resistances, are necessary for injection and extraction of majority charge carriers to prevent transistor parameter fluctuations caused by variations of the contact resistance. The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, toward integration and down-scaling of graphene electronic devices, identifies as a challenge the development of a CMOS compatible process that enables reproducible formation of low contact resistance. However, the contact resistance is still not well understood despite it is a crucial barrier towards further improvements. In this paper, we review the experimental and theoretical activity that in the last decade has been focusing on the reduction of the contact resistance in graphene transistors. We will summarize the specific properties of graphene-metal contacts with particular attention to the nature of metals, impact of fabrication process, Fermi level pinning, interface modifications induced through surface processes, charge transport mechanism, and edge contact formation.

中文翻译:

接触电阻在石墨烯场效应器件中的作用

极高的载流子迁移率和独特的能带结构使石墨烯非常适用于场效应晶体管应用。根据几项工作,基于石墨烯的晶体管性能的主要限制与材料质量无关,而是与影响电子传输特性的外在因素有关。最重要的寄生元素之一是石墨烯与作为源极和漏极的金属电极之间出现的接触电阻。与石墨烯的欧姆接触具有低接触电阻,对于多数电荷载流子的注入和提取是必要的,以防止由接触电阻变化引起的晶体管参数波动。半导体的国际技术路线图,朝着石墨烯电子设备的集成和缩小规模,确定开发可重复形成低接触电阻的 CMOS 兼容工艺是一项挑战。然而,尽管接触电阻是进一步改进的关键障碍,但仍然没有很好地理解它。在本文中,我们回顾了过去十年中一直专注于降低石墨烯晶体管接触电阻的实验和理论活动。我们将总结石墨烯-金属接触的具体特性,特别关注金属的性质、制造过程的影响、费米能级钉扎、通过表面过程引起的界面改变、电荷传输机制和边缘接触形成。尽管接触电阻是进一步改进的关键障碍,但它仍然没有被很好地理解。在本文中,我们回顾了过去十年中一直专注于降低石墨烯晶体管接触电阻的实验和理论活动。我们将总结石墨烯-金属接触的具体特性,特别关注金属的性质、制造过程的影响、费米能级钉扎、通过表面过程引起的界面改变、电荷传输机制和边缘接触形成。尽管接触电阻是进一步改进的关键障碍,但它仍然不是很清楚。在本文中,我们回顾了过去十年中一直专注于降低石墨烯晶体管接触电阻的实验和理论活动。我们将总结石墨烯-金属接触的具体特性,特别关注金属的性质、制造过程的影响、费米能级钉扎、通过表面过程引起的界面改变、电荷传输机制和边缘接触形成。我们回顾了过去十年来一直专注于降低石墨烯晶体管接触电阻的实验和理论活动。我们将总结石墨烯-金属接触的具体特性,特别关注金属的性质、制造过程的影响、费米能级钉扎、通过表面过程引起的界面改变、电荷传输机制和边缘接触形成。我们回顾了过去十年来一直专注于降低石墨烯晶体管接触电阻的实验和理论活动。我们将总结石墨烯-金属接触的具体特性,特别关注金属的性质、制造过程的影响、费米能级钉扎、通过表面过程引起的界面改变、电荷传输机制和边缘接触形成。
更新日期:2017-08-01
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