Over the past decade, bariatric surgery emerged as the most effective treatment modality for obesity and its complications, especially type 2 diabetes. Initially introduced on the basis of their capacity to restrict food intake and/or induce dietary fat malabsorption, the current bariatric surgery procedures result in many more physiological changes that may also partly explain their potent and sustained anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. In the session 2 of the 17th International Symposium of the Université Laval Research Chair in Obesity, outstanding speakers have provided insight into novel clinical and pathophysiological aspects in bariatric surgery. Dr Blandine Laferrère discussed the growing body of evidence implicating incretin hormones in the anti-diabetic effects of bariatric surgery and Dr Hans-Rudolf Berthoud explored emerging evidence suggesting that bariatric surgery may reset the defended body mass set point. As data are rapidly accruing about the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery, these procedures not only take a greater place in clinical practice, but they also offer outstanding occasions to peek into the intricate and complex links between diet and gastrointestinal track, and obesity and its complications.

在过去的十年中，减肥手术已成为肥胖及其并发症（尤其是2型糖尿病）最有效的治疗方式。最初基于它们限制食物摄入和/或引起饮食脂肪吸收不良的能力而引入，目前的减肥手术程序导致更多的生理变化，这也可以部分解释其有效和持续的抗肥胖和抗糖尿病作用。在拉瓦尔大学肥胖症研究主席的第17届国际研讨会的第2部分中，杰出的演讲者提供了减肥手术中新颖的临床和病理生理方面的见识。BlandineLaferrère博士讨论了越来越多的证据表明降钙素激素与减肥手术的抗糖尿病作用有关，Hans-Rudolf Berthoud博士探讨了新兴证据，表明减肥手术可能会重置被保护的体重设定点。随着有关减肥手术的有益效果的数据迅速增加，这些程序不仅在临床实践中占有更大的位置，而且它们还为窥探饮食与胃肠道，肥胖症及其并发症之间的复杂联系提供了绝佳的机会。 。