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Spectroradiometry with space telescopes
The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review ( IF 27.8 ) Pub Date : 2015-12-21 , DOI: 10.1007/s00159-015-0086-2
Anuschka Pauluhn , Martin C. E. Huber , Peter L. Smith , Luis Colina

Radiometry, i.e. measuring the power of electromagnetic radiation—hitherto often referred to as “photometry”—is of fundamental importance in astronomy. We provide an overview of how to achieve a valid laboratory calibration of space telescopes and discuss ways to reliably extend this calibration to the spectroscopic telescope’s performance in space. A lot of effort has been, and still is going into radiometric “calibration” of telescopes once they are in space; these methods use celestial primary and transfer standards and are based in part on stellar models. The history of the calibration of the Hubble Space Telescope serves as a platform to review these methods. However, we insist that a true calibration of spectroscopic space telescopes must directly be based on and traceable to laboratory standards, and thus be independent of the observations. This has recently become a well-supported aim, following the discovery of the acceleration of the cosmic expansion by use of type-Ia supernovae, and has led to plans for launching calibration rockets for the visible and infrared spectral range. This is timely, too, because an adequate exploitation of data from present space missions, such as Gaia, and from many current astronomical projects like Euclid and WFIRST demands higher radiometric accuracy than is generally available today. A survey of the calibration of instruments observing from the X-ray to the infrared spectral domains that include instrument- or mission-specific estimates of radiometric accuracies rounds off this review.

中文翻译:

空间望远镜光谱辐射测量

辐射测量,即测量电磁辐射的功率——迄今为止通常被称为“光度测量”——在天文学中具有根本的重要性。我们概述了如何实现太空望远镜的有效实验室校准,并讨论将这种校准可靠地扩展到光谱望远镜在太空中的性能的方法。一旦望远镜进入太空,就已经做了很多努力,而且仍在进行辐射测量“校准”。这些方法使用天体主要和传输标准,并且部分基于恒星模型。哈勃太空望远镜的校准历史可作为回顾这些方法的平台。然而,我们坚持认为,光谱空间望远镜的真正校准必须直接基于实验室标准并可追溯到实验室标准,因此与观测无关。在发现使用 Ia 型超新星加速宇宙膨胀之后,这最近成为一个得到充分支持的目标,并导致计划发射可见光和红外光谱范围的校准火箭。这也是及时的,因为充分利用来自当前太空任务(如盖亚)以及许多当前天文项目(如 Euclid 和 WFIRST)的数据需要比当今普遍可用的更高的辐射精度。对从 X 射线到红外光谱域观测的仪器校准的调查,包括仪器或任务特定的辐射精度估计,使本次审查圆满结束。并制定了发射可见光和红外光谱范围校准火箭的计划。这也是及时的,因为充分利用来自当前太空任务(如盖亚)以及许多当前天文项目(如 Euclid 和 WFIRST)的数据需要比当今普遍可用的更高的辐射精度。对从 X 射线到红外光谱域观测的仪器校准的调查,包括仪器或任务特定的辐射精度估计,使本次审查圆满结束。并制定了发射可见光和红外光谱范围校准火箭的计划。这也是及时的,因为充分利用来自当前太空任务(如盖亚)以及许多当前天文项目(如 Euclid 和 WFIRST)的数据需要比当今普遍可用的更高的辐射精度。对从 X 射线到红外光谱域观测的仪器校准的调查,包括仪器或任务特定的辐射精度估计,使本次审查圆满结束。许多当前的天文项目,如 Euclid 和 WFIRST,要求比目前普遍可用的辐射精度更高。对从 X 射线到红外光谱域观测的仪器校准的调查,包括仪器或任务特定的辐射精度估计,使本次审查圆满结束。许多当前的天文项目,如 Euclid 和 WFIRST,要求比目前普遍可用的辐射精度更高。对从 X 射线观测到红外光谱域的仪器校准的调查,包括仪器或任务特定的辐射精度估计,使本次审查圆满结束。
更新日期:2015-12-21
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