Extractives are non-structural wood molecules that represent a minor fraction in wood. However, they are source of diverse molecules putatively bioactive. Inhibition of fungal growth is one of the most interesting properties of wood extractives in a context of wood preservation, crop protection or medical treatments. The antifungal effect of molecules isolated from wood extractives has been mainly attributed to various mechanisms such as metal and free radical scavenging activity, direct interaction with enzymes, disruption of membrane integrity and perturbation of ionic homeostasis. Lignolytic fungi, which are microorganisms adapted to wood substrates, have developed various strategies to protect themselves against this toxicity. A better knowledge of these strategies could help both developing new systems for extractive removal in biomass valorization processes and using these molecules as antifungal agents.

提取物是非结构性木材分子，仅占木材的一小部分。但是，它们是各种具有生物活性的分子的来源。在木材防腐，作物保护或医学治疗的背景下，抑制真菌生长是木材提取物最令人感兴趣的特性之一。从木材提取物中分离出的分子的抗真菌作用主要归因于各种机制，例如金属和自由基清除活性，与酶的直接相互作用，膜完整性的破坏和离子稳态的扰动。木质素分解真菌是适应木材基质的微生物，已经开发出多种策略来保护自己免受这种毒性。