The taxonomy of the coelomycetes has undergone dramatic changes in recent years, but remains controversial due to the high number of taxa involved, their poor morphological differentiation, the rare occurrence of the sexual morphs, and rapid loss of fertility in vitro. In the present study, we revisited the families Cucurbitariaceae and Didymellaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes), which include numerous plant pathogens, endophytic species associated with a wide host range, and saprobes. The taxonomy of two of the most relevant genera, i.e. Phoma and Pyrenochaeta, remains ambiguous after several phylogenetic studies, and needs further revision. We have studied a total of 143 strains of coelomycetes from clinical or environmental origin, by combining the LSU, ITS, tub2 and rpb2 sequences for a multi-locus analysis and a detailed morphological comparison. The resulting phylogenetic tree revealed that some fungi previously considered as members of Cucurbitariaceae represented five different families, and four of them, Neopyrenochaetaceae, Parapyrenochaetaceae, Pseudopyrenochaetaceae and Pyrenochaetopsidaceae, are proposed here as new. Furthermore, 13 new genera, 28 new species, and 20 new combinations are proposed within the Pleosporineae. Moreover, four new typifications are introduced to stabilise the taxonomy of these fungi.

近年来，鞘菌的分类学发生了巨大变化，但由于涉及的分类单元数量众多，它们的形态分化差，很少发生性形态变化以及体外受精能力的迅速丧失，仍然引起争议。在本研究中，我们重新审视家庭Cucurbitariaceae和Didymellaceae（Pleosporales，座囊菌纲），其中包括许多植物病原体，具有广泛的宿主范围相关的内生种，saprobes。两个最相关的属，即Phoma和Pyrenochaeta的分类经过多次系统发育研究后，它仍然是模棱两可的，需要进一步修订。通过组合LSU，ITS，tub 2和rpb 2序列进行多位点分析和详细的形态学比较，我们已经研究了来自临床或环境起源的总共143株腔肠菌。得到的进化树显示，原先被视为成员的一些真菌Cucurbitariaceae代表五个不同的家庭，他们四人，Neopyrenochaetaceae，Parapyrenochaetaceae，Pseudopyrenochaetaceae和Pyrenochaetopsidaceae，在这里建议作为新的。此外，在伞菌科中提出了13个新属，28个新物种和20个新组合。此外，引入了四个新的类型来稳定这些真菌的分类。