Rotating relativistic stars have been studied extensively in recent years, both theoretically and observationally, because of the information they might yield about the equation of state of matter at extremely high densities and because they are considered to be promising sources of gravitational waves. The latest theoretical understanding of rotating stars in relativity is reviewed in this updated article. The sections on equilibrium properties and on nonaxisymmetric oscillations and instabilities in f-modes and r-modes have been updated. Several new sections have been added on equilibria in modified theories of gravity, approximate universal relationships, the one-arm spiral instability, on analytic solutions for the exterior spacetime, rotating stars in LMXBs, rotating strange stars, and on rotating stars in numerical relativity including both hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic studies of these objects.

近年来，旋转相对论恒星在理论上和观测上得到了广泛的研究，因为它们可能产生关于极高密度的物质状态方程的信息，并且因为它们被认为是有希望的引力波源。这篇更新的文章回顾了相对论中旋转恒星的最新理论理解。关于平衡特性以及f模式和r模式中的非轴对称振荡和不稳定性的部分已更新。添加了几个新章节，内容涉及修正引力理论中的平衡、近似普遍关系、单臂螺旋不稳定性、外部时空的解析解、LMXB 中的旋转恒星、旋转奇异恒星以及数值相对论中的旋转恒星，包括这些物体的流体动力学和磁流体动力学研究。