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Evolutionary Rescue
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics ( IF 11.2 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-06 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110316-023011
Graham Bell 1
Affiliation  

Populations that experience severe stress may avoid extinction through adaptation by natural selection. This process is called evolutionary rescue and has been studied under different names in medicine, agriculture, and conservation biology. It is a component of the emerging field of eco-evolutionary dynamics, which investigates how the ecological attributes of species may evolve rapidly under strong selection. Its distinguishing feature is to combine the evolutionary concept of relative fitness with the ecological concept of absolute fitness in a synthetic theory of persistent adaptation. The likelihood of rescue will depend both on attributes of the population, particularly abundance and variation, and on properties of the environment, particularly the rate and severity of deterioration. Medical interventions (e.g., the administration of antibiotics), agricultural practices (e.g., the application of pesticides), and population ecology (e.g., the effects of species introductions) provide numerous examples of evolutionary rescue. The general theory of rescue has been tested in laboratory experiments with microbes, in which experimental evolution shows how different treatments affect the frequency of rescue. Overall, these experiments have supported the predictions of general theory: In particular, abundance, variation, and dispersal have pronounced and repeatable effects on the rescue of populations and communities. Extending these laboratory results to the field is a major task for future research.

中文翻译:


进化救援

承受严重压力的人群可以通过自然选择来避免灭绝。此过程称为进化拯救,并已在医学,农业和保护生物学中以不同名称进行了研究。它是生态进化动力学新兴领域的一个组成部分,该领域探讨了在强选择下物种的生态属性如何快速演变。它的显着特征是在持续适应的综合理论中将相对适应性的进化概念与绝对适应性的生态概念相结合。救援的可能性不仅取决于人口的属性,尤其是人口的数量和变化,还取决于环境的性质,尤其是退化的速度和严重程度。医疗干预措施(例如,抗生素的管理),农业实践(例如农药的应用)和种群生态学(例如物种引进的影响)提供了许多进化拯救的例子。救援的一般理论已经在微生物的实验室实验中进行了测试,实验演变表明了不同的治疗方法如何影响救援的频率。总体而言,这些实验支持了一般理论的预测:特别是,丰度,变异和扩散对拯救人口和社区具有明显和可重复的影响。将这些实验室结果推广到现场是未来研究的主要任务。物种引进的影响)提供了许多进化拯救的例子。救援的一般理论已经在微生物的实验室实验中进行了测试,实验演变表明了不同的治疗方法如何影响救援的频率。总体而言,这些实验支持了一般理论的预测:特别是,丰度,变异和扩散对拯救人口和社区具有明显和可重复的影响。将这些实验室结果推广到现场是未来研究的主要任务。物种引进的影响)提供了许多进化拯救的例子。救援的一般理论已经在微生物的实验室实验中进行了测试,实验演变表明了不同的治疗方法如何影响救援的频率。总体而言,这些实验支持了一般理论的预测:特别是,丰度,变异和扩散对拯救人口和社区具有明显和可重复的影响。将这些实验室结果推广到现场是未来研究的主要任务。丰度,变异和分散对拯救人口和社区具有明显和可重复的影响。将这些实验室结果推广到现场是未来研究的主要任务。丰度,变异和分散对拯救人口和社区具有明显和可重复的影响。将这些实验室结果推广到现场是未来研究的主要任务。

更新日期:2017-11-06
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