Species with relatively small, membraneous, black ascomata, with or without long necks, unitunicate, cylindrical asci with apical rings and fusiform, hyaline ascospores with or without mucilaginous sheaths are common in freshwater habitats in tropical and temperate regions. Many of these taxa have originally been recorded as Annulatascaceae-like taxa. Twenty genera have been included in the family Annulatascaceae, mostly based on morphological characters, while molecular work and phylogenetic analyses are lacking for many genera. In this study, nine new Annulatascaceae-like taxa collected from Thailand were morphologically examined. Pure cultures obtained from single ascospores were used in molecular studies. The nine new strains and several other strains of Annulatascaceae-like Sordariomycetes species were used to establish phylogenetic and evolution relationships among the taxa, based on combined LSU, SSU, ITS and RPB2 sequence data. Phylogenetic analyses provide evidence to introduce one new order and six new families, to accommodate taxa excluded from Annulatascaceae sensu stricto. A new order Atractosporales is established based on the molecular study, including three new introduced families Conlariaceae, Pseudoproboscisporaceae and Atractosporaceae. Conlariaceae is introduced for the genus Conlarium which comprises two species, Conlarium duplumascosporun and a new Hyphomycetous asexual morph taxon Conlarium aquaticum which has subglobose or irregular, brown, clathrate, muriform conidia. Pseudoproboscisporaceae includes Pseudoproboscispora and Diluviicola, while Atractosporaceae includes the genera Rubellisphaeria and Atractospora. Barbatosphaeria, Xylomelasma and Ceratostomella form a distinct stable lineage which is introduced as a new family Barbatosphaeriaceae in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis. A new family Lentomitellaceae is introduced in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis, to accommodate the genus Lentomitella. Woswasiaceae is introduced to accommodate Woswasia, Xylochrysis and Cyanoannulus in Diaporthomycetidae families incertae sedis. Three new species of Fluminicola viz. F. saprophytica, F. thailandensis and F. aquatica are introduced. A new sexual morph, Dictyosporella thailandensis, is reported and Dictyosporella is excluded from Annulatascaceae and placed in Diaporthomycetidae genera incertae sedis. The first sexual morph of Sporidesmium, S. thailandense is also described. The new species Atractospora thailandensis, Diluviicola aquatica and Pseudoproboscispora thailandensis are also introduced. Platytrachelon is added to Papulosaceae based on phylogenetic analysis and morphological characters. Aquaticola, Fusoidispora and Pseudoannulatascus are excluded from Annulatascaceae and placed in Diaporthomycetidae genera incertae sedis. Mirannulata is accommodated in Sordariomycetes, genera incertae sedis.

中文翻译：

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迈向类似Annulatascaceae的类群的自然分类：引入白术。十一月 和六个新家庭

在热带和温带地区的淡水生境中，具有相对较小的，膜状的，黑色的子囊，有或没有长脖子的种，单生的，具顶尖环和梭形的圆柱形子囊，有或没有粘液鞘的透明孢子孢子的种类。这些分类单元中有许多最初已被记录为类似Annulatascaceae的分类单元。Annulatascaceae科已经包括了20个属，主要是基于形态学特征，而许多属却缺乏分子工作和系统发育分析。在这项研究中，九个新的Annulatascaceae从泰国收集的类似类群进行了形态学检查。从单个子囊孢子获得的纯培养物用于分子研究。基于组合的LSU，SSU，ITS和RPB2序列数据，使用9种新菌株和类似环孢菌科的拟南芥属菌种来建立类群之间的系统发育和进化关系。系统发育分析为引入一个新的顺序和六个新的科系提供了证据，以适应严格的Annulatascaceae sensu stricto以外的分类单元。新订单Atractosporales是基于分子研究建立了包括三个新推出的家庭Conlariaceae，Pseudoproboscisporaceae和Atractosporaceae。科纳兰科（Conlarium）是由科纳兰科（Conlariaceae）引入的，科纳兰属包括两个种，Conlarium duplumascosporun和一种新的腐球菌无性形态类群Conlarium aquaticum，具有近球状或不规则的，棕色，笼形，尖锐的分生孢子。Pseudoproboscisporaceae包括Pseudoproboscispora和Diluviicola，而Atractosporaceae包括属Rubellisphaeria和Atractospora。Barbatosphaeria，Xylomelasma和Ceratostomella形成了独特的稳定谱系，并作为新的Barbatosphaeriaceae家族引入在不动产的Diaporthomycetidae家庭中。一个新的家庭Lentomitellaceae在Diaporthomycetidae家庭推出地位未定，以适应属Lentomitella。Woswasiaceae引入容纳Woswasia，Xylochrysis和Cyanoannulus在Diaporthomycetidae家庭地位未定。Fluminicola的三个新种。引入了腐生假单胞菌，泰国假单胞菌和水生假单胞菌。据报道，一种新的性变种Dictyosporella thailandensis和Dictyosporella从排除Annulatascaceae并放置在Diaporthomycetidae属地位未定。的第一变形性Sporidesmium，S. thailandense还描述。还引入了新种Atractospora thailandensis，Diluviicola aquatica和Pseudoproboscispora thailandensis。Platytrachelon加到Papulosaceae基于系统发育分析和形态特征。Aquaticola，Fusoidispora和Pseudoannulatascus被排除在Annulatascaceae并放置在Diaporthomycetidae属地位未定。Mirannulata容纳在粪壳菌纲，属地位未定。