Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering ( IF 9.7 ) Pub Date : 2017-06-20 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044450 Fahmeed Hyder 1 , Douglas L. Rothman 1
Metabolism is central to neuroimaging because it can reveal pathways by which neuronal and glial cells use nutrients to fuel their growth and function. We focus on advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) methods used in brain metabolic studies. 17O-MRS and 31P-MRS, respectively, provide rates of oxygen use and ATP synthesis inside mitochondria, whereas 19F-MRS enables measurement of cytosolic glucose metabolism. Calibrated functional MRI (fMRI), an advanced form of fMRI that uses contrast generated by deoxyhemoglobin, provides maps of oxygen use that track neuronal firing across brain regions. 13C-MRS is the only noninvasive method of measuring both glutamatergic neurotransmission and cell-specific energetics with signaling and nonsignaling purposes. Novel MRI contrasts, arising from endogenous diamagnetic agents and exogenous paramagnetic agents, permit pH imaging of glioma. Overall, these magnetic resonance methods for imaging brain metabolism demonstrate translational potential to better understand brain disorders and guide diagnosis and treatment.
中文翻译：
脑代谢成像的进展
代谢对于神经成像至关重要，因为它可以揭示神经元和神经胶质细胞利用营养促进其生长和功能的途径。我们专注于脑代谢研究中使用的高级磁共振成像（MRI）和磁共振波谱（MRS）方法。17 O-MRS和31 P-MRS分别提供线粒体内的氧气使用率和ATP合成速率，而19 F-MRS可以测量胞质葡萄糖代谢。校准功能性MRI（fMRI）是fMRI的一种高级形式，它使用由脱氧血红蛋白产生的对比来提供氧气使用图，从而追踪整个大脑区域的神经元放电。13C-MRS是测量具有信号传导和非信号传导目的的谷氨酸能神经传递和细胞特异性能量的唯一非侵入性方法。内源性抗磁性药物和外源性顺磁性药物引起的新型MRI对比使神经胶质瘤的pH成像成为可能。总体而言，这些用于脑部代谢成像的磁共振方法显示出转化潜能，可以更好地理解脑部疾病并指导诊断和治疗。
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