Most galactic nuclei harbor a massive black hole (MBH), whose birth and evolution are closely linked to those of its host galaxy. The unique conditions near the MBH—high velocity and density in the steep potential of a massive singular relativistic object—lead to unusual modes of stellar birth, evolution, dynamics, and death. A complex network of dynamical mechanisms, operating on multiple timescales, deflects stars to orbits that intercept the MBH. Such close encounters lead to energetic interactions with observable signatures and consequences for the evolution of the MBH and its stellar environment. Galactic nuclei are astrophysical laboratories that test and challenge our understanding of MBH formation, strong gravity, stellar dynamics, and stellar physics. I review from a theoretical perspective the wide range of stellar phenomena that occur near MBHs, focusing on the role of stellar dynamics near an isolated MBH in a relaxed stellar cusp.

中文翻译：

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大质量黑洞附近的恒星动力学和恒星现象

大多数星系核都有一个大质量黑洞 (MBH)，其诞生和演化与其宿主星系的诞生和演化密切相关。MBH 附近的独特条件——巨大奇异相对论天体陡峭势中的高速和密度——导致了恒星诞生、演化、动力学和死亡的不寻常模式。一个复杂的动力机制网络，在多个时间尺度上运行，将恒星偏转到拦截 MBH 的轨道上。这种近距离接触导致能量相互作用与可观察到的特征以及 MBH 及其恒星环境演化的后果。星系核是天体物理实验室，用于测试和挑战我们对 MBH 形成、强引力、恒星动力学和恒星物理学的理解。