X-ray tomography has emerged as a powerful technique for studying lithium ion batteries, allowing nondestructive and often quantitative imaging of these complex systems, which contain solid components with length scales spanning orders of magnitude and which are in-filled with liquid electrolyte. Over the past decade, X-ray tomography has allowed interrogation of structure and material composition, providing quantitative or qualitative insight into battery operation and degradation. In this review, we first provide an overview of X-ray tomography and explore what types of experiments can yield insight into open questions in the lithium ion battery research field. In the second half of the review, we discuss the aspects a researcher must consider, and we summarize challenges and approaches to sample preparation, experimental setup, and data analysis. Finally, we describe both outstanding challenges and promise in using X-ray tomography for lithium ion battery research.

中文翻译：

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用于锂离子电池研究的 X 射线断层扫描：实用指南

X 射线断层扫描已成为研究锂离子电池的强大技术，可以对这些复杂系统进行无损且通常是定量的成像，这些复杂系统包含长度尺度跨越数量级的固体成分，并填充有液体电解质。在过去的十年中，X 射线断层扫描允许对结构和材料成分进行询问，提供对电池运行和退化的定量或定性洞察。在这篇综述中，我们首先概述了 X 射线断层扫描，并探索了哪些类型的实验可以深入了解锂离子电池研究领域的开放性问题。在评论的后半部分，我们讨论了研究人员必须考虑的方面，并总结了样品制备、实验设置、和数据分析。最后，我们描述了使用 X 射线断层扫描进行锂离子电池研究的突出挑战和前景。