Host–guest interactions, especially those between cyclodextrins (CDs, including α-, β- and γ-CD) and various guest molecules, exhibit a very high supramolecular recognition ability. Thus, they have received considerable attention in different fields. These specific interactions between host and guest molecules are promising for biosensing and clinical detection. However, there is a lack of an ideal electrode substrate for CDs to increase their performance in electrochemical sensing. Herein, we propose a new 3D nitrogen-doped graphene (3D-NG) based electrochemical sensor, taking advantage of the superior sensitivity of host–guest interactions. Our 3D-NG was fabricated by a template-directed chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method, and it showed a large specific surface area, a high capacity for biomolecules and a high electron transfer efficiency. Thus, for the first time, we took 3D-NG as an electrode substrate for β-CD to establish a new type of biosensor. Using dopamine (DA) and acetaminophen (APAP) as representative guest molecules, our 3D-NG/β-CD biosensor shows extremely high sensitivities (5468.6 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² and 2419.2 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻², respectively), which are significantly higher than those reported in most previous studies. The stable adsorption of β-CD on 3D-NG indicates potential applications in clinical detection and medical testing.

中文翻译：

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3D氮掺杂石墨烯/β-环糊精：用于电化学传感的主体与客体之间的相互作用†

宿主-客体之间的相互作用，特别是环糊精（CD，包括α-，β-和γ-CD）与各种客体分子之间的相互作用，表现出非常高的超分子识别能力。因此，它们在不同领域受到了相当大的关注。宿主分子与客体分子之间的这些特异性相互作用有望用于生物传感和临床检测。然而，缺少用于CD的理想的电极基底以增加其在电化学传感中的性能。在这里，我们提出了一种新的基于3D氮掺杂石墨烯（3D-NG）的电化学传感器，它利用了宿主与客体相互作用的超高灵敏度。我们的3D-NG是通过模板定向化学气相沉积（CVD）方法制造的，它显示出大的比表面积，高生物分子容量和高电子转移效率。因此，我们首次以3D-NG作为β-CD的电极基质来建立新型的生物传感器。我们的3D-NG /β-CD生物传感器使用多巴胺（DA）和对乙酰氨基酚（APAP）作为代表客体分子，显示出极高的灵敏度（5468.6μAmM^-1 cm ^-2和2419.2μAmM ^-1 cm ^-2，这明显高于大多数先前研究中报道的那些。β-CD在3D-NG上的稳定吸附表明其在临床检测和医学测试中的潜在应用。