Recent studies have explored peripheral electrical stimulation (pES) as a potential treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the efficacy of pES in ED patients. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2015 and 2025. Studies comparing pES to sham procedures, standard therapies, or no treatment were included. Eligible studies assessed objective or subjective erectile function outcomes, primarily using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Only three RCTs (n = 82) met inclusion criteria. pES was associated with a significant mean increase in IIEF-5 scores versus controls, with a pooled mean difference of 5.04 points (95% CI, 4.04-6.04). However, heterogeneity was high (I² = 86%, p < 0.001) and a significant difference in terms of pES protocols was noted. No adverse effects were reported. Hypothetical mechanisms of pES in ED have been discussed. pES shows potential as a novel, non-invasive ED treatment targeting multiple physiological pathways. The low certainty of evidence, limited number of RCTs, and study heterogeneity highlight the need for further research.

中文翻译：

---

电刺激治疗勃起功能障碍：随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析

最近的研究探索了外周电刺激 （pES） 作为勃起功能障碍 （ED） 的潜在治疗方法。这项系统评价和荟萃分析评估了 pES 对 ED 患者的疗效。对 PubMed、Scopus、ScienceDirect 和 Web of Science 进行了系统检索，以确定 2015 年至 2025 年间发表的随机对照试验 （RCT）。纳入了将 pES 与假手术、标准疗法或无治疗进行比较的研究。符合条件的研究主要使用国际勃起功能指数（International Index of Erectile Function， IIEF-5）评估客观或主观勃起功能结局。使用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析。只有三项随机对照试验（n = 82）符合纳入标准。与对照组相比，pES 与 IIEF-5 评分的平均增加相关，汇总平均差为 5.04 分（95% CI，4.04-6.04）。然而，异质性很高（I² = 86%，p < 0.001），并且在 pES 方案方面存在显着差异。没有不良反应报告。已经讨论了 pES 在 ED 中的假设机制。pES 显示出作为一种针对多种生理途径的新型非侵入性 ED 治疗的潜力。证据质量低、随机对照试验数量有限以及研究异质性凸显了进一步研究的必要性。