Deficit irrigation, brackish water irrigation, and biochar application are widely regarded as crucial technologies for conserving freshwater resources and protecting ecological environment in arid irrigation regions. However, the effects of existing management strategies on agroecosystem multifunctionality and their trade-offs remain insufficiently explored.

中文翻译：

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灌溉和生物炭经营策略对西北干旱区玉米田生态系统多功能性的影响

亏缺灌溉、苦咸水灌溉和生物炭应用被广泛认为是干旱灌区保护淡水资源和保护生态环境的关键技术。然而，现有管理策略对农业生态系统多功能性的影响及其权衡仍未得到充分探索。