Skeletal muscles are composed of neuromuscular fiber bundles that combine the sensing capability of muscle spindle fibers with the actuation function of muscle fibers. However, it is difficult to develop artificial soft neuromuscular fiber bundles (NeuroMuscles) with sophisticated sensing-diagnosis-actuation autonomy. Herein, a unique rotational molding strategy is proposed to fabricate core-multishelled fibers with a liquid metal core, liquid crystal elastomer actuation layer, and adhesion sheath. The NeuroMuscles are developed by seamlessly welding multiple fibers through a self-reinforcing interface featuring independent channels for stimulus source and perception signals with built-in adaptive feedback. When integrated with NeuroMuscles, artificial arms and fingers can not only sense their own motion in real time but also detect the object’s surfaces. Importantly, the biomimetic knee-jerk reflex of artificial legs is achieved by establishing adaptive feedback within NeuroMuscles without off-board control systems for signal processing. The NeuroMuscles could function as indispensable components for implantable muscular reinforcements, next-generation soft machines, and beyond.

中文翻译：

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具有内置自适应反馈的仿生人工神经肌肉纤维束


骨骼肌由神经肌肉纤维束组成，它们结合了肌梭纤维的传感能力和肌纤维的驱动功能。然而，很难开发具有复杂传感-诊断-驱动自主性的人工软神经肌肉纤维束 （NeuroMuscles）。在此，提出了一种独特的旋转成型策略来制造具有液态金属芯、液晶弹性体驱动层和粘附护套的芯多壳纤维。NeuroMuscles 是通过自我增强接口无缝焊接多根纤维开发的，该接口具有用于刺激源和感知信号的独立通道，并带有内置的自适应反馈。当与 NeuroMuscles 集成时，人造手臂和手指不仅可以实时感知自身的运动，还可以检测物体的表面。重要的是，假肢的仿生膝跳反射是通过在 NeuroMuscles 内建立自适应反馈来实现的，而无需用于信号处理的板外控制系统。NeuroMuscles 可以作为植入式肌肉增强、下一代软机器等不可或缺的组成部分。