Human respiratory tract epithelial cells are the portals of human infection with influenza viruses. However, the infection pathway of individual avian influenza viruses in human respiratory cells remains poorly reported so far. The single‐particle tracking technique (SPT) is a powerful tool for studying the transport mechanism of biomolecules in live cells. In this work, we use quantum dots to label avian influenza H9N2 virus and elaborate on the infection mechanism of the virus in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells using a three‐dimensional SPT technique. We have found that the H9N2 virus can infect HBE cells directly and the virus infection follows an actin filament‐ and microtubule‐dependent process with a three‐stage pattern. The transport behaviors show a high degree of consistency between the sialic acid receptors and the influenza virus. Real‐time SPT provides dynamic evidence of the sialic acid receptors‐related infection behavior of the avian influenza virus in live cells. The study of the influence of sialic acid receptors on virus infection may contribute to a better understanding of the cross‐species transmission of the avian influenza virus.

中文翻译：

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通过单颗粒追踪探索唾液酸受体相关的禽流感病毒在人支气管上皮细胞中的感染行为

人类呼吸道上皮细胞是人类感染流感病毒的门户。但是，迄今为止，关于禽流感病毒在人呼吸细胞中的感染途径的报道仍然很少。单粒子跟踪技术（SPT）是研究活细胞中生物分子转运机制的强大工具。在这项工作中，我们使用三维点SPT技术使用量子点标记禽流感H9N2病毒，并详细阐述了该病毒在人支气管上皮（HBE）细胞中的感染机制。我们发现，H9N2病毒可以直接感染HBE细胞，并且病毒感染遵循肌动蛋白丝和微管依赖性过程，分为三个阶段。转运行为表明唾液酸受体和流感病毒之间具有高度的一致性。实时SPT提供了唾液酸受体相关的禽流感病毒在活细胞中的感染行为的动态证据。唾液酸受体对病毒感染影响的研究可能有助于更好地了解禽流感病毒的跨物种传播。