Closed-loop recycling is crucial in the rapidly expanding era of photovoltaic deployment. Yet, the recycling of commercial silicon photovoltaic modules presents challenges due to laborious component separation. In contrast, layers in solution-processed solar cells can be separated with relative ease through selective dissolution. In this study, we report on the recovery of every layer in a planar MAPbI₃ perovskite solar cell using a layer-by-layer solvent extraction approach, followed by purification or modification to restore quality. This method potentially allows for up to 99.97% recycled mass, thereby conserving resources and reducing waste. We assessed material quality by substituting each fresh material with its recycled equivalent during solar cell production. Subsequently, solar cells were fabricated with either several or all layers comprising recycled materials. Every combination yielded efficiency comparable to cells constructed exclusively with fresh materials, demonstrating the efficacy of the developed recycling process. Our mass and value analysis highlights ITO glass has the highest recycling priority and the need for circular utilization for by-product chemicals, especially cleaning agents. Techno-economic projections suggest that the proposed recycling procedure has the potential to afford substantial cost savings. In the lab, recycling could reduce material costs by up to 63.7%, in industrial manufacturing by up to 61.4%. A life cycle assessment reveals this recycling method can reduce environmental impacts.

中文翻译：

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闭环：MAPbI3 钙钛矿太阳能电池的回收


在快速扩张的光伏部署时代，闭环回收至关重要。然而，由于组件分离费力，商业硅光伏组件的回收面临着挑战。相比之下，溶液处理太阳能电池中的各层可以通过选择性溶解相对容易地分离。在这项研究中，我们报告了使用逐层溶剂萃取方法恢复平面 MAPbI ₃ 钙钛矿太阳能电池中每一层的情况，然后进行纯化或改性以恢复质量。该方法可回收高达 99.97% 的物质，从​​而节省资源并减少浪费。我们通过在太阳能电池生产过程中用回收的同等材料替换每种新鲜材料来评估材料质量。随后，太阳能电池的多层或全部层均由回收材料制成。每种组合所产生的效率可与仅使用新鲜材料构建的电池相媲美，这证明了所开发的回收工艺的有效性。我们的质量和价值分析强调，ITO 玻璃具有最高的回收优先级，并且需要对副产品化学品（尤其是清洁剂）进行循环利用。技术经济预测表明，拟议的回收程序有可能节省大量成本。在实验室中，回收可以降低高达 63.7% 的材料成本，在工业制造中降低高达 61.4%。生命周期评估表明这种回收方法可以减少对环境的影响。