Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential for powering a wide range of current devices, including portable electronics and electric vehicles, because they have a high energy density, can be recharged, and are versatile. Silicon (Si)-based materials are being extensively studied as very promising anode compounds for future LIBs due to their moderate operating potential, high theoretical mass-specific capacity, and abundance. Consequently, it received considerable interest from both the academic and industrial sectors. However, electrochemical efficiency is hindered by significant changes in volume, leading to inadequate cyclability and eventual electrode malfunction. Nanostructured Si anodes address these issues by offering a reduced lithium diffusion distance, effective strain relaxation, improved mass transfer, and efficient electrical contact. The research on Si nanomaterials is highly significant due to the increasing need for improved energy density and safety in the rapidly developing field of energy storage. Recently, there have been attempts to mitigate the negative consequences of bulk effects, and nanosizing has emerged as a widely acknowledged and effective method. However, it has also encountered a limitation in its progress. Hence, this review aims to provide an in-depth overview of recent research on advances in Si materials, synthesis techniques, prevailing trends, and challenges, followed by emphasizing opportunities for future scientific study and commercial development of lithium-ion batteries. Overall, this review study holds significant merit as a reference tool for academics, researchers, and industry to explore research gaps and improve Si-based LIBs, which will shed light on solving the global energy crisis.

中文翻译：

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锂离子电池用硅纳米材料的最新进展：合成方法、新兴趋势、挑战和机遇

锂离子电池 (LIB) 对于为包括便携式电子产品和电动汽车在内的各种当前设备供电至关重要，因为它们具有高能量密度、可充电且用途广泛。硅（Si）基材料由于其适度的工作潜力、高理论质量比容量和丰富性，作为未来锂离子电池非常有前途的阳极化合物正在被广泛研究。因此，它引起了学术界和工业界的极大兴趣。然而，体积的显着变化阻碍了电化学效率，导致循环能力不足并最终导致电极故障。纳米结构硅阳极通过缩短锂扩散距离、有效应变松弛、改善传质和高效电接触来解决这些问题。由于快速发展的储能领域对提高能量密度和安全性的需求不断增加，对硅纳米材料的研究非常重要。最近，人们尝试减轻体效应的负面影响，纳米尺寸已成为一种广泛认可的有效方法。然而，它的进展也遇到了限制。因此，本文旨在深入概述硅材料的最新研究进展、合成技术、流行趋势和挑战，并强调锂离子电池未来科学研究和商业开发的机会。总体而言，这项综述研究作为学术界、研究人员和工业界探索研究差距和改进硅基锂离子电池的参考工具具有重要价值，这将为解决全球能源危机带来光明。