Conductive, 3D, porous graphene can be produced with a CO laser from a large variety of materials, including wood, at room temperature, and under inert atmosphere or after treatment for fire protection. Here, we investigated the suitability for direct conversion of 46 typical European and Asian woods into laser-induced graphene (LIG), without pre-treatment. The LIG was characterized by resistance measurements to determine if a conductive layer had formed, and via Raman spectroscopy. Here, we show, for the first time, that it is possible to produce LIG on certain woods under atmospheric conditions without additional fire protection treatment. We determined that the ability to produce LIG on untreated, natural wood under ambient atmosphere is favoured overall by a high density and a diffuse-porous xylem structure, as well as a high soluble lignin content. Some of these characteristics are similar to those required for high yields in char production. Problematic for the production of LIG-based electronics is the presence of pronounced growth rings, or other geometric wood features, with density variations, which can be reduced using specific cuts with minimized growth rings and absence of rays. This is the first time that untreated wood has been directly converted into LIG using a conventional CO laser and ambient atmosphere. Our results represent a further step towards the development of a new generation of sustainable electronics relying on natural materials.

中文翻译：

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激光诱导石墨烯在不同木材品种上的形成：电子性能对某些类型木材固有特征的依赖性

导电、3D、多孔石墨烯可以在室温下、在惰性气氛下或经过防火处理后，用 CO 激光器从多种材料（包括木材）生产。在这里，我们研究了 46 种典型的欧洲和亚洲木材在无需预处理的情况下直接转化为激光诱导石墨烯 (LIG) 的适用性。 LIG 通过电阻测量来表征，以确定是否形成了导电层，并通过拉曼光谱进行表征。在这里，我们首次证明，在大气条件下，无需额外的防火处理即可在某些木材上生产 LIG。我们确定，在环境大气下未经处理的天然木材上生产 LIG 的能力总体上受高密度和散孔木质部结构以及高可溶性木质素含量的影响。其中一些特性与焦炭生产中高产率所需的特性相似。基于 LIG 的电子产品的生产存在的问题是存在明显的年轮或其他几何木材特征，以及密度变化，可以通过使用最小化年轮和不存在射线的特定切割来减少这些特征。这是首次使用传统的 CO 激光器和环境大气将未经处理的木材直接转化为 LIG。我们的研究结果代表着朝着开发依赖天然材料的新一代可持续电子产品又迈出了一步。