In this study, we demonstrate the continuous catalytic hydrotreating of sewage sludge-derived hydrothermal liquefaction oil on a versatile, pilot-scale testing unit, equipped with both a slurry and a fixed-bed reactor. Comparison of the two reactors shows that slurry hydrocracking is consistently more efficient in both heteroatom removal and cracking performance compared to the fixed-bed operation. The upgraded HTL oil from the slurry reactor contains 35% less nitrogen that the equivalent oil produced from the fixed-bed reactor at 350 °C and is lighter, consisting of 84 wt% molecules in the gasoline and diesel range, compared to 63 wt% in its counterpart. This is tentatively ascribed to the higher residence time and the lower mass-transfer limitations in the slurry reactor that enhance the hydrogenation and cracking reactions. Upgrading the HTL oil in a two-stage configuration improves only the nitrogen removal, which increases from 40‐55% in the one-stage process to 83%. Overall, slurry hydrocracking appears to be a promising strategy for the upgrading of bio-oils from renewable feedstocks, such as waste and biomass. Further research is required to study operability and stability issues for longer time-on-stream and investigate the process in the presence of dispersed liquid catalysts.

中文翻译：

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污水污泥水热液化生物原油的连续浆态加氢处理中试规模：与固定床反应器运行的比较

在这项研究中，我们展示了在配备浆料反应器和固定床反应器的多功能中试装置上对污水污泥衍生的热液液化油进行连续催化加氢处理。两个反应器的比较表明，与固定床操作相比，浆料加氢裂化在杂原子去除和裂化性能方面始终更有效。与固定床反应器在 350 °C 下生产的同等油相比，来自浆态反应器的升级 HTL 油中的氮含量减少了 35%，并且更轻，由 84 wt% 的汽油和柴油范围内的分子组成，而 63 wt% 的分子则为 63 wt%在其对应物中。这暂时归因于浆料反应器中较长的停留时间和较低的传质限制，从而增强了氢化和裂化反应。在两级配置中升级 HTL 油仅提高了氮去除率，氮去除率从一级工艺中的 40-55% 增加到 83%。总体而言，浆液加氢裂化似乎是从可再生原料（例如废物和生物质）升级生物油的一种有前景的策略。需要进一步的研究来研究较长时间运行的可操作性和稳定性问题，并研究分散液体催化剂存在下的工艺。