Oxygen vacancies (Vo) have been recognized as the superior active site for PS-mediated environmental remediation; however, the formation and activation of Vo associated with the effects of chemical and spatial environments remain ambiguous. Herein, attributing to the low defect-formation energy of Vo in the presence of sulfonate groups, an in situ nucleating Vo-laden CuO nanosheet was deliberately fabricated inside the phase of a sulfonated mesoporous polystyrene substrate (Vo-CuO@SPM). The as-prepared nanocomposite demonstrated an excellent treatment efficiency toward metal complexes [Cu-EDTA as a case] with ignorable Cu(II) leaching, and it can be repeatedly employed for 25 recycles (not limited). Mechanistically, the electron transfer and the mass transport for PDS nonradical activation were proved to be substantially enhanced by the delocalized electrons and with the assistance of the microchannel environment. This work not only establishes insight into the formation of oxygen vacancies but also reveals the PS activation mechanism in the spatially confined sites.

中文翻译：

---

氧空位电荷限制对金属配合物降解的影响


氧空位 (Vo) 已被认为是 PS 介导的环境修复的优越活性位点；然而，与化学和空间环境影响相关的 Vo 的形成和激活仍然不明确。在此，由于在磺酸基存在下Vo的缺陷形成能较低，因此特意在磺化介孔聚苯乙烯基底（Vo-CuO@SPM）的相内制备了原位成核的Vo负载CuO纳米片。所制备的纳米复合材料对金属配合物[以Cu-EDTA为例]表现出优异的处理效率，且Cu(II)浸出量可忽略不计，并且可以重复使用25次循环(不限)。从机理上讲，离域电子和微通道环境的帮助大大增强了 PDS 非自由基活化的电子传递和质量传递。这项工作不仅深入了解了氧空位的形成，而且揭示了空间受限位点中的PS激活机制。