To solve the problem of ice condensation and adhesion, it is urgent to develop new anti-icing and deicing technologies. This study presented the development of a highly efficient photothermal-enhanced superhydrophobic PDMS/Ni@Ti₃C₂T_x composite film (m-NMPA) fabricated cost-effectively and straightforwardly. This film was fabricated utilizing PDMS as a hydrophobic agent, adhesive, and surface protector, while Ni@Ti₃C₂T_x as a magnetic photothermal filler innovatively. Through a simple spraying method, the filler is guided by a strong magnetic field to self-assemble into an eyelash-like microstructure array. The unique structure not only imparts superhydrophobic properties to the surface but also constructs an efficient “light-capturing” architecture. Remarkably, the m-NMPA film demonstrates outstanding superhydrophobic passive anti-icing and efficient photothermal active deicing performance without the use of fluorinated chemicals. The micro-/nanostructure of the film forms a gas layer, significantly delaying the freezing time of water. Particularly under extreme cold conditions (−30 °C), the freezing time is extended by a factor of 7.3 compared to the bare substrate. Furthermore, under sunlight exposure, surface droplets do not freeze. The excellent photothermal performance is attributed to the firm anchoring of nickel particles on the MXene surface, facilitating effective “point-to-face” photothermal synergy. The eyelash-like microarray structure enhances light-capturing capability, resulting in a high light absorption rate of 98%. Furthermore, the microstructure aids in maintaining heat at the uppermost layer of the surface, maximizing the utilization of thermal energy for ice melting and frost thawing. Under solar irradiation, the m-NMPA film can rapidly melt approximately a 4 mm thick ice layer within 558 s and expel the melted water promptly, reducing the risk of secondary icing. Additionally, the ice adhesion force on the surface of the m-NMPA film is remarkably low, with an adhesion strength of approximately 4.7 kPa for a 1 × 1 cm² ice column. After undergoing rigorous durability tests, including xenon lamp weathering test, pressure resistance test, repeated adhesive tape testing, xenon lamp irradiation, water drop impact testing, and repeated brushing with hydrochloric acid and particles, the film’s surface structure and superhydrophobic performance have remained exceptional. The photothermal superhydrophobic passive anti-icing and active deicing technology in this work rely on sustainable solar energy for efficient heat generation. It presents broad prospects for practical applications with advantages such as simple processing method, environmental friendliness, outstanding anti-icing effects, and exceptional durability.

中文翻译：

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具有组装睫毛状微结构阵列的坚固超疏水聚二甲基硅氧烷/Ni@Ti3C2TX纳米复合涂层：有效被动防冰和主动光热除冰的新方法


解决冰凝结和附着问题，迫切需要开发新型防冰除冰技术。本研究提出了一种高效光热增强超疏水PDMS/Ni@Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x 复合薄膜（m-NMPA）的开发，其制造成本- 有效且直接。该薄膜采用PDMS作为疏水剂、粘合剂和表面保护剂，而Ni@Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x 作为磁性光热填料创新地制备。通过简单的喷涂方法，填充剂在强磁场的引导下自组装成睫毛状的微结构阵列。独特的结构不仅赋予表面超疏水特性，还构建了高效的“光捕获”架构。值得注意的是，m-NMPA薄膜在不使用氟化化学品的情况下表现出出色的超疏水被动防冰和高效的光热主动除冰性能。薄膜的微/纳米结构形成气层，显着延迟水的冻结时间。特别是在极冷条件下（-30°C），与裸露基材相比，冷冻时间延长了7.3倍。此外，在阳光照射下，表面液滴不会结冰。优异的光热性能归因于镍颗粒牢固锚定在MXene表面，促进有效的“点对面”光热协同作用。类似睫毛的微阵列结构增强了光捕获能力，导致光吸收率高达 98%。此外，微观结构有助于保持表面最上层的热量，最大限度地利用热能来融化冰和霜。 在太阳照射下，m-NMPA薄膜可在558秒内迅速融化约4毫米厚的冰层，并及时排出融化的水，降低二次结冰的风险。此外，m-NMPA薄膜表面的冰粘附力非常低，对于1×1 cm ² 冰柱的粘附强度约为4.7 kPa。经过严格的耐久性测试，包括氙灯耐候测试、耐压测试、反复胶带测试、氙灯照射、水滴冲击测试、盐酸和颗粒反复刷洗，薄膜的表面结构和超疏水性能仍然保持优异。这项工作中的光热超疏水被动防冰和主动除冰技术依靠可持续的太阳能来高效产生热量。其具有加工方法简单、环境友好、防冰效果突出、耐久性优异等优点，具有广阔的实际应用前景。