The label probe plays a crucial role in enhancing the sensitivity of lateral flow immunoassays. However, conventional fluorescent microspheres (FMs) have limitations due to their short fluorescence lifetime, susceptibility to background fluorescence interference, and inability to facilitate multi-component detection. In this study, carboxylate-modified Eu(III)-chelate-doped polystyrene nanobeads were employed as label probes to construct a multiple time-resolved fluorescent microsphere-based immunochromatographic test strip (TRFM-ICTS). This novel TRFM-ICTS facilitated rapid on-site quantitative detection of three mycotoxins in grains: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Zearalenone (ZEN), and Deoxynivalenol (DON). The limit of detection (LOD) for AFB1, ZEN, and DON were found to be 0.03 ng/g, 0.11 ng/g, and 0.81 ng/g, respectively. Furthermore, the TRFM-ICTS demonstrated a wide detection range for AFB1 (0.05–8.1 ng/g), ZEN (0.125–25 ng/g), and DON (1.0–234 ng/g), while maintaining excellent selectivity. Notably, the test strip exhibited remarkable stability, retaining its detection capability even after storage at 4 °C for over one year. Importantly, the detection of these mycotoxins relied solely on simple manual operations, and with a portable reader, on-site detection could be accomplished within 20 min. This TRFM-ICTS presents a promising solution for sensitive on-site mycotoxin detection, suitable for practical application in various settings due to its sensitivity, accuracy, simplicity, and portability.

中文翻译：

---

使用多重时间分辨荧光微球免疫层析测试条快速现场定量测定谷物中的霉菌毒素


标记探针在提高侧流免疫分析的灵敏度方面起着至关重要的作用。然而，传统的荧光微球（FM）由于荧光寿命短、易受背景荧光干扰且无法促进多组分检测而存在局限性。本研究采用羧酸盐修饰的Eu(III)螯合物掺杂聚苯乙烯纳米珠作为标记探针，构建了基于多重时间分辨荧光微球的免疫层析测试条（TRFM-ICTS）。这种新颖的 TRFM-ICTS 有助于快速现场定量检测谷物中的三种霉菌毒素：黄曲霉毒素 B1 (AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮 (ZEN) 和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON)。 AFB1、ZEN 和 DON 的检测限 (LOD) 分别为 0.03 ng/g、0.11 ng/g 和 0.81 ng/g。此外，TRFM-ICTS 对 AFB1 (0.05–8.1 ng/g)、ZEN (0.125–25 ng/g) 和 DON (1.0–234 ng/g) 表现出广泛的检测范围，同时保持出色的选择性。值得注意的是，该测试条表现出卓越的稳定性，即使在 4°C 保存一年多后仍保持其检测能力。重要的是，这些霉菌毒素的检测仅依靠简单的手动操作，使用便携式阅读器，可以在20分钟内完成现场检测。该 TRFM-ICTS 为灵敏的现场霉菌毒素检测提供了一种有前途的解决方案，由于其灵敏度、准确性、简单性和便携性，适合在各种环境中实际应用。