Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are pervasive in human and veterinary medicine, notably affecting companion animals. These infections frequently lead to the prescription of antibiotics, contributing to the rise of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This escalating concern is underscored by the emergence of a previously undocumented case: a high-risk clone, broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae ST147 strain, denoted USP-275675, isolated from a cat with UTI. Characterized by a multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile, whole genome sequencing exposed several antimicrobial-resistance genes, notably bla_CTX-M-15, bla_TEM-1B, bla_SHV-11, and bla_OXA-1. ST147, recognized as a high-risk clone, has historically disseminated globally and is frequently associated with carbapenemases and extended-spectrum β-lactamases. Notably, the core-genome phylogeny of K. pneumoniae ST147 strains isolated from urine samples revealed a unique aspect of the USP-276575 strain. Unlike its counterparts, it did not cluster with other isolates. However, a broader examination incorporating strains from both human and animal sources unveiled a connection between USP-276575 and a Portuguese strain from chicken meat. Both were part of a larger cluster of ST147 strains spanning various geographic locations and sample types, sharing commonalities such as IncFIB or IncR plasmids. This elucidates the MDR signature inherent in widespread K. pneumoniae ST147 strains carrying these plasmids, highlighting their pivotal role in disseminating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Finally, discovering the high-risk clone K. pneumoniae ST147 in a domestic feline with a UTI in Brazil highlights the urgent need for thorough AMR surveillance through a One Health approach.

尿路感染 (UTI) 在人类和兽医医学中普遍存在，尤其影响伴侣动物。这些感染经常导致开出抗生素，导致耐药细菌的增加。一个先前未记录的病例的出现凸显了这种不断升级的担忧：一种高风险克隆、广谱头孢菌素耐药肺炎克雷伯菌ST147 菌株，标记为 USP-275675，从一只患有尿路感染的猫中分离出来。以多重耐药 (MDR) 谱为特征，全基因组测序暴露了多个抗菌素耐药基因，特别是bla _CTX-M-15、 bla _TEM-1B、 bla _SHV-11和bla _OXA-1。 ST147 被认为是高风险克隆，历史上曾在全球范围内传播，并且经常与碳青霉烯酶和广谱 β-内酰胺酶相关。值得注意的是，从尿液样本中分离出的肺炎克雷伯菌ST147 菌株的核心基因组系统发育揭示了 USP-276575 菌株的独特之处。与它的同类不同，它没有与其他分离株聚集在一起。然而，对来自人类和动物来源的菌株进行更广泛的检查揭示了 USP-276575 与来自鸡肉的葡萄牙菌株之间的联系。两者都是跨越不同地理位置和样本类型的更大 ST147 菌株簇的一部分，具有 IncFIB 或 IncR 质粒等共同点。这阐明了携带这些质粒的广泛传播的肺炎克雷伯菌ST147 菌株固有的 MDR 特征，突出了它们在传播抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 中的关键作用。最后，在巴西一只患有尿路感染的家猫身上发现了高风险克隆肺炎克雷伯菌ST147，这突出表明迫切需要通过 One Health 方法进行彻底的 AMR 监测。