The increasing global population, coupled with the effects of climate change on agricultural activities has spurred a demand for sustainable food production to meet human needs. In response to this, there has been a growing interest in sustainable food production initiatives. One of such initiatives is harnessing microbial and insect lipids as valuable ingredients to address increase in demand for lipids across various sectors, including functional food, nutritional supplements, and biodiesel production. Over the last decades, there has been increasing scientific investigations exploring lipid from algae, microbes, and insects as alternatives to traditional agro‐ and marine‐based sources. This review, therefore, presents progress made in microbial and insect oils production, with emphasis on sustainability. Emerging extraction techniques, regulatory and safety requirements, and challenges that exist in the production and utilization of these new lipids are also discussed. The review shows that lipids from a wide range of oleaginous microorganisms and insect species have the potential to serve as a valuable ingredient for healthful food preparation. However, challenges such as cultural acceptance, lack of standardized regulations, high cost, and low yield associated with most emerging environmentally friendly extraction technologies continue to hinder widespread use or adoption of microbial and insect lipids on a global scale. These challenges call for innovations to reduce cost of production and improve lipids yield. So far, a substantial progress has been made in the utilization of readily available feedstocks such as industrial food wastes and sugar‐rich industrial wastewater to grow insects and microorganisms which will significantly reduce the processing costs.

中文翻译：

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微生物和昆虫油：功能性脂质的可持续方法

全球人口不断增长，加上气候变化对农业活动的影响，刺激了对可持续粮食生产的需求，以满足人类的需求。为此，人们对可持续粮食生产倡议越来越感兴趣。其中一项举措是利用微生物和昆虫脂质作为有价值的成分，以满足各个部门对脂质需求的增长，包括功能性食品、营养补充剂和生物柴油生产。在过去的几十年里，越来越多的科学研究探索来自藻类、微生物和昆虫的脂质作为传统农业和海洋来源的替代品。因此，本次审查介绍了微生物和昆虫油生产方面取得的进展，重点是可持续性。还讨论了新兴的提取技术、监管和安全要求以及这些新脂质的生产和利用中存在的挑战。该评论表明，来自多种产油微生物和昆虫物种的脂质有潜力成为健康食品制备的宝贵成分。然而，与大多数新兴环保提取技术相关的文化接受度、缺乏标准化法规、高成本和低产量等挑战继续阻碍微生物和昆虫脂质在全球范围内的广泛使用或采用。这些挑战需要创新来降低生产成本并提高脂质产量。到目前为止，利用工业食物垃圾和富含糖分的工业废水等现成原料来培养昆虫和微生物方面已经取得了实质性进展，这将大大降低加工成本。